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Symptom Identification and Control Methods of Hydrangea Ringspot Virus
[Distribution and Damage] Hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla), also known as bigleaf hydrangea, is a deciduous shrub planted throughout China. Many viruses infect it, with ringspot being the most common. It is generally latent; severely affected plants are stunted with few or no flowers. [Symptoms] Leaves are crinkled, and stems sometimes show necrotic spots. In inoculated diseased plants, old leaves develop chlorotic spots, brown ringspots, or oak-leaf patterns. [Pathogen] The virus HyRSV, also belonging to the potato virus Y group. Particles are filamentous, measuring 47
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Pigeon Newcastle Disease: Symptom Identification and Prevention and Treatment Methods
[Cause] Also known as pigeon paramyxovirus type I disease, it is a viral infectious disease (paramyxovirus type I virus), transmitted through contaminated feed, drinking water, pigeon equipment, and the clothing, shoes, and hats of people who have contact with diseased pigeons. [Symptoms] The initial signs are ruffled feathers, listlessness, and reduced appetite. There are paroxysmal spasms, drooping of one or both wings, paralysis of the feet and claws, twisting of the head and neck, head tilting backward, and discharge of yellow-green watery droppings, with feces adhering around the vent. Difficulty breathing, conjunctivitis or ocular inflammation, and nasal discharge may also be seen.
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Identification and Prevention of Physiological Disorders in Atlantic Potato Tubers
The Atlantic potato is a high-quality raw material for processing snack foods such as potato chips and French fries. Its growth period is relatively short, and it has strict requirements for the cultivation environment: it needs cool conditions but is not tolerant of low temperatures. During cultivation, freeze protection and fertilizer and water management should be done well to avoid physiological disorders such as black heart, hollow heart, starch leakage, cracking, and deformities, and to improve tuber quality and marketable yield. I. Tuber black heart 1. Symptoms: Irregular patterns ranging from black to blue appear in the center of the tuber. When oxygen deficiency is severe, the entire tuber may turn black. Usu
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High-efficiency cultivation technique for oyster mushrooms without spraying water for humidification
The narrow-shed no-spray high-efficiency cultivation method for oyster mushrooms combines the advantages of the soil-burial cultivation method and the mushroom-wall cultivation method, making the cultivation and management of oyster mushrooms simpler, with excellent quality and high yield. The method is: after harvesting the first flush of mushrooms, remove the mushroom blocks from their bags and build a mushroom wall around the four earthen walls of the shed. The outer ends of the wall are bonded block-to-block with sealing mud, the interior of the wall is entirely filled with nutrient soil, and a water trough is built on top of the wall for replenishing water and nutrients. The advantages of this method are mainly five: (1) Before building the mushroom wall, first let the blocks produce one flush of mushrooms; the wall built from already-shrunk blocks does not deform, does not dry-crack,
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Identification and Control Methods of Slime Mold Diseases in Oyster Mushrooms
Symptoms The slime mold colonies harming oyster mushrooms are white, and during the vegetative growth stage they mostly spread outward in a feather-like pattern, generally difficult to distinguish from oyster mushroom mycelium. In the middle and late stages of oyster mushroom growth, the slime mold develops rapidly. When the mushroom bed has high humidity, the slime mold spreads from the bottom layer of the substrate to the surface layer, beginning to appear on the surface of the mushroom bed as bright orange-yellow gelatinous filaments, which then rapidly produce powdery gelatinous masses, namely the slime mold spores entering the reproductive stage. The gelatinous masses spread rapidly from the stipe to the cap of the oyster mushroom, gradually enveloping the entire fruiting body and causing the fruiting bodies
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What classifications of cut-flower lilies are there? A detailed introduction to the main types
Lilies used for cut-flower cultivation can be broadly divided into three categories. Namely, Asiatic lily hybrids, Oriental lily hybrids, and Trumpet lily hybrids. The growth cycle of Asiatic lily hybrids (referring to the number of weeks from planting to harvest) is 9-21 weeks, with varieties of 12-16 weeks being the majority, and about 30-40 varieties suitable for four-season cultivation. The growth cycle of Oriental hybrid lilies is mostly 12-20 weeks, with most varieties at 14-18 weeks. More than 20 varieties are suitable for four-season cultivation. The growth weeks of Trumpet lily hybrids
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Identification methods and management key points for vicious habits in does
Every year during the fawning and nursing period of does, in some deer farms, due to inadequate management techniques, incidents occur from time to time in which vicious-habit does harm newborn fawns and feeding management personnel. Some newborn fawns are clawed to death alive, and some feeders or technicians are clawed and injured. According to investigations, there was once 1 sika deer vicious-habit doe that, in the first few days after giving birth, clawed 5 newborn fawns to death and clawed and injured 2 young and strong feeding management personnel. The harm caused by vicious-habit does has led to a significant increase in fawn mortality and should be given full attention. 1 Identification
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Identification and Control Methods for Common Diseases and Pests of Panax notoginseng
(1) Damping-off, also known as "rotten foot plague." The pathogen is a type of imperfect fungus among the fungi, harming seeds, seed sprouts and seedlings. Affected seeds rot into a milky white juice-like state, affected seed sprouts turn dark brown and die; affected seedlings show a dark brown ring-shaped depression at the base of the false stem (leaf stalk); seedlings bend over and die. Control methods: ① Before sowing, disinfect the soil with carbendazim or lithospermum liquid. ② Promptly pull out diseased plants when found, spread lime powder around the diseased plants, and spray with 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000-fold solution or 50% methyl
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Symptoms, Identification, and Control Methods of Pinellia ternata Root Rot
It mostly occurs in hot and humid seasons; the underground tubers rot, and the above-ground parts turn yellow, wilt, fall over, and die. Control methods: (1) Pay attention to drainage after rain. (2) In the early stage of the disease, drench the planting holes with 5% lime milk. (3) Control underground pests.
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Identification and Control Methods of Diomea cremata
Diomea cremata Butler belongs to the family Noctuidae of the order Lepidoptera. It is one of the looper caterpillars and is one of the important pests damaging edible fungi such as lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum), oyster mushrooms and wood ear fungus, and it occurs fairly commonly in China. The damage is characterized mainly by feeding on the lingzhi cap and flesh, leaving curved tunnels at the damaged sites. It also leaves notched holes on the fruiting bodies, reducing the commercial value of lingzhi. Morphological characteristics: adult body length 11 mm, wingspan 25-26 mm. The male is dark purplish brown, and the head, thorax
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