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What are the propagation methods for growing Salvia miltiorrhiza (red sage)?
Seed propagation: Broadcast sowing is generally used, and sowing is best done from the year's Grain in Ear to Summer Solstice and from End of Heat to White Dew in the year the seeds are collected. The seedbed should be land with a slightly higher elevation, loose and fertile soil, and convenient watering. For raising seedlings in mountainous areas, it is best to choose a hillside slope at the foot of a mountain facing east or southeast as the seedbed, to reduce sun exposure and help seedling emergence. The seedbed should first be plowed, and decomposed human manure and urine used as base fertilizer. The soil should be broken up fine and made into high beds 1.3-1.66 m wide. Then the seeds are evenly broadcast shallowly on the bed surface; after sowing, press lightly once with the foot so the seeds adhere closely to the surface soil (no need to cover with soil), cover with a thin layer of wheat straw, and sprinkle water frequently to keep it moist. When the seedlings have 3-5 true leaves, thin them out if they are found to be too dense. The thinned seedlings can be temporarily planted elsewhere and cultivated. During this period, pay attention to watering and promptly apply 1-2 topdressings of dilute human manure and urine to promote seedling growth. The suitable time for transplanting is from late October to early November of the same year. Before transplanting, open holes on the prepared bed surface at a spacing of 25 cm × 25 cm, with the hole depth depending on the length of the seedling roots. Plant 1-2 plants per hole, with the planting depth such that the heart bud is slightly exposed; do not plant too deep, and do not let the root crown be exposed above the soil. After planting, cover with soil until the holes are level, press slightly firm, and water promptly to settle the roots. When Salvia miltiorrhiza is transplanted early, it takes root early, and by the time the cold winter arrives it has already survived, and it will green up early the following year; as far as possible, do not delay transplanting until the severe cold season.</p><p></p><p>Root division propagation:</p><p>Carry out from the Beginning of Spring to Awakening of Insects. Select robust new roots about 1 cm in diameter for planting. Before planting, first cut the roots into 5-7 cm long root segments. The planting density is 27 cm between rows and 20 cm between plants. Open furrows on the bed surface, place the root segments upright in the furrows, taking care not to place the upper and lower ends upside down, and after planting cover level with soil. Seedlings generally emerge after Grain Rain. With root division propagation, flowering is later, and it is difficult to harvest seeds in the same year, but the roots grow faster.</p><p>Division propagation:</p><p>From the Beginning of Winter to the Awakening of Insects of the following year, when harvesting home-grown Salvia miltiorrhiza (generally between the Winter Solstice and the Beginning of Spring), select robust, disease-free plants, cut off the thick roots for medicinal use, and use the roots thinner than a cigarette, together with the rhizome head and heart leaves, as planting stock for propagation. Wild Salvia miltiorrhiza can also be dug up and transplanted together with roots and seedlings. Large seedlings can be divided into 2-4 plants according to the natural growth conditions of the buds and roots, and then planted.</p><p>Cuttage:</p><p>Around Qingming, select thick, strong stems, cut them into sections with 2-3 nodes each, cut off part of the leaves, and insert them into the prepared bed, burying 6-10 cm in the soil, leaving the buds slightly exposed above the soil surface, press the soil firm, and water immediately. After that, spray water with a sprayer in the morning and evening to keep the bed surface moist.</p>
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