What are the precautions for using pesticides on edible fungi
Edible fungi are a common type of vegetable in daily life. They are not only highly nutritious, but most of them are also delicious and tasty. In the process of cultivating edible fungi, the use of pesticides is also indispensable. This article gives a detailed introduction to the precautions for using pesticides on edible fungi. Let's take a look.
1. Match the remedy to the cause
Before using a pesticide, you must first understand the symptoms of the pest or disease outbreak and match the remedy to the cause, so as to avoid using the wrong pesticide and causing unnecessary effects. At the same time, you also need to be familiar with the properties of the preparation and understand the difference between the two major categories, insecticides and fungicides; the two cannot substitute for each other. For example, when edible fungi are affected by sciarid flies or dung flies, trichlorfon has a special effect on the adults and larvae of mushrooms, but its killing power against mites is poor. Oyster mushrooms are relatively sensitive to dichlorvos, and even a slightly higher concentration will cause phytotoxicity, so it is best to switch to trichlorfon or phoxim. Button mushrooms are relatively sensitive to trichlorfon, so it is best to switch to dichlorvos.
2. The concentration used must be reasonable
When using pesticides, the concentration must be determined according to the type of preparation, the pest or disease, and the different growth stages of the edible fungi. Generally, before sowing when stacking materials and when disinfecting the mushroom house, the pesticide concentration can be appropriately higher. After sowing and before fruiting, the pesticide used must be strictly controlled within a safe range, and during the growth and development of the fruiting bodies the concentration must be even lower. For example, when using phoxim plus an acaricide to control mites and other pests, a 500-fold solution can be used from material stacking to before fruiting, but when pesticide use is necessary during the fruiting body stage, it must be reduced to a 1000-fold solution.
3. Pesticide use is strictly prohibited during the mushroom stage
When using pesticides, they must be used before fruiting, or after the mushrooms have been completely harvested. Pesticide use during the mushroom stage must be avoided. This is because the cultivation cycle of edible fungi is short, and pesticides can easily remain and cause food poisoning, which in turn has a serious impact on product circulation and consumption, and some pesticides can also cause phytotoxicity to edible fungi.
4. Choose preparations that are highly effective, low in toxicity, and low in residue
When choosing pesticides, try to choose preparations that are highly effective, low in toxicity, and low in residue, and prohibit the use of highly toxic pesticides. The more commonly used fungicides include carbendazim, chlorothalonil, zineb, thiophanate-methyl, Bordeaux mixture, lime sulfur mixture, etc.; the commonly used insecticides include phoxim, dichlorvos, trichlorfon, fenvalerate, etc. Whether spraying, mixing into the substrate, or disinfecting, it is strictly prohibited to use highly toxic preparations with long residual time, such as organic mercury and organic phosphorus. At the same time, attention should also be paid to alternating the use of preparations to avoid resistance developing and reducing efficacy.
The above is an introduction to the precautions for using pesticides on edible fungi. We hope it can help you. If you want to learn more related knowledge, please follow us.