How to use ecological measures to prevent and control vegetable diseases
Although vegetable cultivation is very common in our lives, we often encounter problems with certain diseases. Moreover, years of continuous repeated planting have led to a year-on-year rising trend in the occurrence of vegetable diseases. Many people rely mainly on chemical control when preventing and controlling vegetable diseases. In fact, compared with chemical control, ecological control can not only reduce costs but also reduce pollution. So how should ecological techniques be used to prevent and control vegetable diseases? Let's take a look below!
1. Clearing the garden
When carrying out vegetable cultivation and production, after each harvest of vegetables, the garden must be cleared properly. The residual branches and fallen leaves, diseased fruits, and so on of the vegetable crops must all be collected and removed from the field. This is because these things may carry pathogens. By overwintering and oversummering under these materials, they become active again when the environment is suitable, causing vegetables to develop diseases. Therefore, after vegetable harvest and before planting, the garden must be cleared properly. The diseased plant residues and weeds, etc. must be removed completely, and then the soil must be deeply plowed for disinfection, which can effectively reduce the speed of pathogen spread and the disease incidence rate.
2. Plowing the land and closing the greenhouse for solarization
Under the high-temperature environment of summer, if vegetables are to be rotated to a new crop, then before planting, the soil must be deeply plowed throughout to destroy the living environment of pathogens. Because summer temperatures are relatively high, we can disinfect by the method of high-temperature greenhouse solarization. After deeply plowing the soil, water it thoroughly. Then close all ventilation openings of the greenhouse for solarization, so that the temperature of the upper soil layer can reach as high as 70 degrees. Under a high-temperature environment, most pathogens cannot survive. This method is very suitable for greenhouses with severe soil-borne diseases, and when used together with chemical agents, the effect is very obvious.
3. Reasonable crop rotation
The occurrence of diseases in many vegetable crops is mostly caused by soil-borne diseases. Soil-borne diseases, in turn, are caused by continuous cropping, so many vegetables cannot be continuously cropped. Therefore, crop rotation must be done well. In crop rotation, there are paddy-upland rotation, vegetable-grain rotation, vegetable-to-vegetable rotation, and so on. We must, according to the survival of pathogens and the actual conditions of the environment, eliminate pathogens through crop rotation. To reduce the harm of pathogen spread, crop rotation can not only reduce the pathogen base in the soil but also enhance the stress resistance of vegetable plants.
4. Planting crops that control diseases
Many vegetable crops actually have the effect of controlling diseases. For example, Welsh onion is a pungent crop. During growth, its root zone can produce an antibacterial microorganism, which can inhibit the reproduction and activity of pathogens. In this way, it achieves the effect of reducing the disease incidence rate. So when we plant vegetables, we can intercrop or relay crop them with Welsh onion. This can control pathogens and reduce the pathogen base, etc. It provides protection for the normal growth of vegetable crops.
The above is a brief introduction to how to use ecological techniques to prevent and control vegetable diseases. That is all for today's introduction. This article is for reference only, and we hope it can help everyone!