Detailed Explanation of Key Technical Points and Cultivation Methods for Artificial Cultivation of Hypsizygus marmoreus

Hypsizygus marmoreus, also known as the jade mushroom, is a wood-decaying saprophytic fungus that mainly grows in temperate regions, and in the wild it mostly grows on trees in autumn. Currently, the main cultivated varieties are the gray type and the white type, with the white type being very popular. It was originally in Japan that cultivated varieties were successfully developed, and afterward they gradually spread and became widespread. Today's article is mainly about explaining the detailed artificial cultivation methods for this Hypsizygus marmoreus, to help friends who want to learn about it.

1. Cultivation site

Use dwellings, warehouses, and basements as cultivation sites, requiring the characteristics of being dry, clean, heat-retaining, and well-ventilated. Places with large day-night temperature differences are not suitable for cultivation, such as plastic greenhouses. During the mushroom fruiting period, in order to keep warm, generally in the south a thatched shed should be built, and in the north cultivation should be done in a trench shed, all for the purpose of keeping warm.

2. Making the culture medium

Prepare it using sawdust, cottonseed hulls, corn flour, wheat bran, calcium sulfate, and lime together. The prepared culture material must be steamed and sterilized before being put into bottles; for bag cultivation, the bags should be stacked together when bagging and steamed using a steam machine. The filling amount must be consistent, not more in some and less in others. After bottling, the lids must be put on quickly; for bag cultivation, the bag openings must be tied tightly beforehand.

3. Inoculation

Before inoculation, first check whether the spawn has contaminating fungi. When the spawn has filled the bottle and the cross-section of the mycelium appears beige, that is the sign of maturity, and then inoculation can be carried out. Inoculation must be carried out in a fully sterile inoculation room. The inoculation bottles must be disinfected, the workers must wear clean work clothes, their hands must be wiped with alcohol, all tools must be disinfected multiple times, and the entire inoculation workbench surface must be disinfected.

4. Promoting growth

Mycelium grows fastest at 22 to 25 degrees, which will cause the temperature inside the mycelium bottles to exceed the outside, so the temperature should be lowered to 20 to 22 degrees. Rapid growth produces a large amount of carbon dioxide, so a heat-exchange ventilation device should be used indoors to reduce the indoor carbon dioxide content. Growth needs to be kept in a dark state, otherwise mushroom primordia are easily produced. After inoculation and full colonization of the bottles, cultivate for another two months, and the moisture must be kept above 70%.

5. Mushroom growth

The fruiting bodies can grow at 8 to 22 degrees. A certain temperature difference can promote rapid growth. The most suitable temperature for growth is 12 to 18 degrees. Below 8 degrees or above 22 degrees, growth is difficult. If mushrooms grow at the top, they can grow slowly below 25 degrees. Low temperatures tend to make the mushroom base thick and sturdy, while high temperatures tend to make the stems long. During the primordium stage, the humidity should be above 85%, and later the humidity should be lowered. Prolonged high humidity easily causes bitterness and disease. During the middle primordium stage, 7 to 10 hours of light are needed, and in the later stage, 15 hours of light per day are needed, with the lights turned on at night.

The preparatory work for cultivating Hypsizygus marmoreus is choosing the site, making the culture medium, and inoculation. The most important part is the later fruiting management, at which time there are certain requirements for temperature, humidity, and light, and if the requirements are not met, some abnormal conditions will appear.