What are the control methods for the cotton stem wood moth borer?
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**How to control the cotton stem wood moth borer?Scientific name Zeuzera coffeae Nietner, Lepidoptera, Cossidae.
Aliases coffee wood borer, coffee leopard moth, leopard-print wood borer, coffee black-dotted wood borer.
Distribution eastern and southern China; in Shanghai and Taiwan, China, it mainly damages cotton and trees.
Hosts cotton, tea, mulberry, jute, castor, coffee, lychee, longan, citrus, pear, persimmon, loquat, peach, grape, jujube, etc.
Damage characteristics
The larvae bore into the stems of cotton and jute, causing the upper part or the entire plant to wither and die; when damaging mulberry, tea and fruit trees, the larvae bore into the xylem of branches and trunks, gnawing out a row of frass holes outward at intervals, mostly boring upward along the pith, causing branch breakage or withering.
Morphological characteristics
Adult body length 11-26mm, wingspan 30-50mm, male smaller than female, body grayish-white. Female antennae filiform, male basal half plumose, tip filiform, all black, covered with white scales. Thoracic dorsum with 6 blue-green spots in 2 longitudinal rows, each abdominal tergite with 3 transverse rows of blue-green longitudinal stripes, each side with 1 blue-green spot, ventral surface with 3 spots of the same color. Between the veins of the forewings and hindwings densely covered with blue-green short oblique streaks, the outer margin vein ends as spots. Hindwing spots lighter in color. Female hindwing with 1 larger blue-green round spot in the middle. Egg oval, length 1mm, cream-yellow to brown. Larva body length 20-35mm, red, head yellow-brown or light reddish-brown, pronotal shield yellow-brown to black, near the posterior margin center with 4 rows of comb-like tooth rows pointing backward, abdominal proleg crochets in a biordinal circle, anal plate dark brown. Pupa length 16-27mm, brown and glossy, abdominal segments 2-7 each with 2 transverse ridges on the dorsal side, abdominal end with 6 pairs of spines.
Life habits
In Shanghai and the Yangtze River Basin, 1 generation per year; in Jiangxi, Taiwan, China and other places, 2 generations per year, all overwintering as larvae in the stems and trunks of cotton, wood molds, peach trees and various other trees. In Shanghai, pupation occurs in early to mid-June, emergence in mid to late June, eggs are laid on cotton leaves; newly hatched larvae bore into cotton leaf petioles or thin branches to damage them, and after the larvae grow slightly larger, they move to bore into thick branches or the main stem, disrupting the cotton's water supply; larvae damaging tea trees, mulberry and fruit trees bore upward along the pith. In the 2-generation area, Jiangxi pupation occurs from mid-April to late June, pupal period 13-37 days, emergence from mid-May to mid-July. Adults hide by day and come out at night, are phototactic, mate and lay eggs shortly after emergence, eggs are laid in masses in bark crevices and holes, oviposition period 1-4 days, eggs per female 224-1132, adult lifespan averaging 43 days, egg period 9-15 days. Newly hatched larvae gather on the egg mass and feed on the egg shells, after 2-3 days crawl to the upper part of branches and trunks, spin silk and hang down to disperse with the wind; the larvae bore in from the bud axils above the branch tips, the part above withers, after 5-7 days they move to damage thicker branches; when boring in, they first gnaw a transverse ring under the bark, so the upper part mostly dies, then bore upward within the xylem; after maturing, they gnaw outward an emergence hole and then build a pupal chamber in the tunnel to pupate; at emergence, the head and thorax protrude from the emergence hole to emerge, and the pupal shell remains at the hole opening. The 1st generation adults occur in August-September, the 2nd generation larvae overwinter after autumn in the tunnels of damaged branches. Natural enemies include braconid wasps and Fusarium moniliforme.
Control methods
(1) In cotton fields, in conjunction with the control of other pests, collect cotton stalks early for centralized treatment or burning, to reduce overwintering larvae in the stems.
(2) When wood-shaving-like frass is found around damaged wood molds, fruit trees and other host trees, promptly prune and burn the infested branches to prevent adults from entering cotton fields to lay eggs after emergence.
(3) When cotton plants are damaged, peel open the cotton stem and kill the larvae.
(4) When tea trees, mulberry and fruit trees are damaged, promptly prune the damaged branches, burn them in a centralized manner or bury them deeply; after 1-2 years they can be controlled.
(5) During the peak emergence period of adults, in conjunction with the control of other pests, spray 50% parathion emulsifiable concentrate 2000-fold solution or 10% bromine-malathion emulsifiable concentrate 1000-fold solution, 20% fenvalerate-malathion emulsifiable concentrate 1500-fold solution, 20% chlorpyrifos-malathion emulsifiable concentrate 2000-fold solution, 2.5% Kung Fu emulsifiable concentrate 3000-fold solution, 21% miexhabie emulsifiable concentrate 3000-4000-fold solution, 30% Taoxiaoling emulsifiable concentrate 2500-fold solution, 2.5% Uranus emulsifiable concentrate 1500-fold solution.
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