What are the key technical points for greenhouse tomato cultivation and management?
Greenhouse cultivation technology is a very common cultivation method nowadays, and it is also frequently used in the process of tomato cultivation. However, recently many farmers have reported that they do not know how to manage tomatoes grown in greenhouses, nor do they know what issues to pay attention to during the cultivation process. So today, the editor will introduce the management techniques for growing tomatoes in greenhouses.
1. Humidity
Tomato growth has very strict requirements for humidity; whether during its growth period, flowering period or fruiting period, the impact on it is relatively significant. Generally, after tomatoes are transplanted, we should water thoroughly at transplanting, then wait until the second round of flowers appears before watering again. At the same time, during the period from the first round of flowering to the third round of flowering, we all need to strictly control the amount of watering, and it is best to water again during the period when the fruit is swelling. During the fruit-swelling stage, we should water thoroughly to avoid fruit cracking. The last thing to note is that when the temperature is relatively low, we should reduce the amount of watering, and when the temperature rises, we need to appropriately increase the amount of water.
2. Temperature
After tomatoes are transplanted, we should scientifically regulate the temperature for their growth. Generally, during the period when they enter the fruit-setting stage, the temperature is best kept between 25 and 30 degrees, and the nighttime temperature is best not lower than 15 degrees. Of course, in winter, although they are grown in a greenhouse, the temperature is still relatively low, so we should reduce the ventilation time and can cover with plastic film or straw for insulation. After the temperature gradually rises again, we can appropriately increase ventilation to lower the humidity in the greenhouse. Do not wait until the temperature in the greenhouse is 30 degrees before ventilating, otherwise the harm to the tomatoes is very great. Finally, at this time, the temperature difference between day and night should be controlled to around the humidity level, which is beneficial for even coloring of the tomatoes and improves their quality.
3. Density
Reasonable density is also very important for tomato cultivation. In the process of greenhouse cultivation, we should appropriately adjust the tomato plants. In the case of growing tomatoes in greenhouses, we all adjust the density according to the tomato variety. For early-maturing varieties, the planting density is generally about 3,000 plants per mu, that is, a row spacing of 50 cm and a plant spacing of 30 cm. For mid-maturing varieties or late-maturing varieties as well as mid-to-late-maturing varieties, about 3,500 or 2,000 plants can generally be planted per mu.
4. Pruning
The arrangement of tomato branches and leaves is also a part worth our attention in its management process. First, we set up trellises when the tomatoes bear their first round of fruit, then guide the tomato branches and leaves onto the trellises to climb and grow. During the process of setting up the trellises, we can appropriately pinch off the growing tips to promote the growth of tomato side branches, or keep only the main stem and remove all the other side branches. The last thing to note is that during the process of arranging branches and leaves, we tie the stems to the trellises to secure them, providing convenience for subsequent management work.
5. Nutrients
After the tomatoes are planted, we should water appropriately, and add an appropriate amount of quick-acting fertilizer to the water for irrigation. Secondly, during the growth of tomato seedlings, we should try not to use nitrogen fertilizer, so as to avoid excessive vegetative growth of branches and leaves. After the tomatoes flower and bear fruit, we can appropriately spray foliar fertilizer and apply potassium fertilizer as a top dressing to promote the swelling of the fruit. After the fruit is harvested, we need to apply a heavy fertilizer once to prepare for the next high yield, and at the same time it can also prevent the plants from aging, which would lead to reduced yield.
In the process of growing tomatoes in greenhouses, we also need to pay attention to the regulation of light, so that light reasonably enters the greenhouse, promotes the absorption of nutrients, and thereby increases tomato yield. That is all for the content the editor wants to introduce to everyone today. Thank you all for your long-term support and encouragement.