Detailed Explanation of the Key Technical Points for Straw Mushroom Pest and Disease Control

Straw mushrooms have extremely high nutritional value and a delicious flavor, making them deeply loved by consumers. China's straw mushroom production ranks first in the world, and many people grow them. However, what gives growers a headache during cultivation is the harm caused by pests and diseases, which seriously affect the yield and quality of straw mushrooms and damage their production. So how should straw mushroom pests and diseases be controlled? Let's take a look.

1. Coprinus mushrooms

Coprinus mushrooms are the most common contaminating fungi in the straw mushroom cultivation process. They mainly compete with straw mushroom mycelium for water and nutrients, leading to reduced straw mushroom yields. They are divided into two types, small coprinus and large coprinus. Their mycelium emerges earlier and spreads faster than that of straw mushrooms. They form mushroom buds before the straw mushrooms fruit, and the diseased caps open quickly, releasing a large number of spores that contaminate the straw mushroom fruiting bodies and affect straw mushroom quality.

Control methods: The compost must be fresh and undergo strict high-temperature sterilization treatment. The moisture content should be controlled at about 70%. The covering material used for mycelial growth must be thoroughly disinfected. Diseased fruiting bodies should be removed promptly to prevent further spread.

2. Green mold

Green mold is the most serious disease in edible mushroom cultivation. It includes Penicillium and Trichoderma viride. The colonies are initially white, dense, and irregular in shape, and gradually turn green as the colony ages. It contaminates straw mushroom fruiting bodies and, in severe cases, causes large-scale death.

Control methods: Choose fresh compost that has been exposed to sunlight. Pay attention to controlling moisture (70%) and pH (between pH 8.0-9.0). During cultivation, ensure ventilation to avoid excessively high carbon dioxide concentrations. After disease occurs, promptly dig out the diseased parts and spread lime powder around them or spray carbendazim solution to prevent the disease from spreading.

3. Mushroom flies

Mushroom flies mainly cause damage through their larvae. Their larvae feed on straw mushroom mycelium and fruiting bodies, affecting normal mycelial growth and fruiting time, causing hindered fruiting body growth and reduced yields. Their adults can also transmit other diseases.

Control methods: Pay attention to keeping the cultivation environment clean and hygienic. When mushroom flies occur, aerosol sprays or fumigation can be used to kill them. At the same time, yellow sticky boards and other traps can be used, with good results.

4. Mushroom mites

Mushroom mites are invisible to the naked eye. They mostly occur in areas where the compost has not undergone strict disinfection or where mushroom house sanitation is poor. Once they break out, they are extremely difficult to control, so prevention is generally the priority. Mushroom houses should be kept as far as possible from warehouses, feed rooms, poultry and livestock sheds, etc. Ingredients should undergo secondary fermentation and disinfection. Mushroom houses should undergo thorough disinfection and sterilization treatment before cultivation, and acaricides such as dichlorvos and dicofol should be used for spraying or fumigation for 24 hours. When mushroom mites are found, measures should be taken promptly to control them. Dichlorvos can be placed on the surface of the bottom layer of the bed frames, then the bed surface covered with plastic sheeting to fumigate and kill the mushroom mites; or fenpropathrin or propargite can be sprayed to kill the mites.

The above is an introduction to straw mushroom pest and disease control techniques. We hope it can help you. To learn more related knowledge, please follow us.