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Cultivation Methods and Key Technical Points for Pizhou Pinellia

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I. Growth Characteristics Pinellia prefers warm, humid, semi-shaded, semi-sunny environments and is suitable for planting in loose, fertile sandy soil with a pH of 5.6--6.4. Pinellia is sensitive to heat and cold; the suitable growing temperature is 15--25°C. Above 26°C it begins summer dormancy and seedling collapse, and below 13°C it overwinters and the seedlings wither. Pinellia emerges 3 times per year: the first from late March to early April, the second in early to mid-June, and the third in early to mid-September. The initial sprouting of bulbils begins in early April, peaks in mid-April, and the maturation period is from late April to early May. Each growth period lasts 50--60 days. Pinellia propagation includes tuber propagation, bulbil propagation, and seed propagation, but seed propagation has a low germination rate and a longer growth period. Tuber propagation uses the small tubers remaining after sorting commercial Pinellia as seed; its advantage is a relatively short growth cycle, generally planted in spring and harvestable by late summer of the same year. Bulbil propagation uses bulbils as seed; they are abundant in number, germinate reliably, and have an earlier maturation period, making it the main propagation method for developing Pinellia production.

I. Growth Characteristics Pinellia prefers warm, humid, semi-shaded, semi-sunny environments and is suitable for planting in loose, fertile sandy soil with a pH of 5.6--6.4. Pinellia is sensitive to heat and cold; the suitable growing temperature is 15--25°C. Above 26°C it begins summer dormancy and seedling collapse, and below 13°C it overwinters and the seedlings wither. Pinellia emerges 3 times per year: the first from late March to early April, the second in early to mid-June, and the third in early to mid-September. The initial sprouting of bulbils begins in early April, peaks in mid-April, and the maturation period is from late April to early May. Each growth period lasts 50--60 days. Pinellia propagation includes tuber propagation, bulbil propagation, and seed propagation, but seed propagation has a low germination rate and a longer growth period. Tuber propagation uses the small tubers remaining after sorting commercial Pinellia as seed; its advantage is a relatively short growth cycle, generally planted in spring and harvestable by late summer of the same year. Bulbil propagation uses bulbils as seed; they are abundant in number, germinate reliably, and have an earlier maturation period, making it the main propagation method for developing Pinellia production.

II. Cultivation Techniques

(I) Site Selection and Land Preparation In view of Pinellia's living habits of preferring warmth, fertilizer, and moisture, and fearing drought, waterlogging, and high temperatures, a warm, humid, well-drained and irrigated, loose, fertile sandy loam should be selected for planting. In the winter of the previous year, deep plowing and freezing of the soil should be carried out to promote soil freezing, thawing, and weathering. After the beginning of spring, level the land, apply 3000 kg of farmyard manure and 30 kg of superphosphate per mu as base fertilizer, plow and harrow until level, and make beds ready for planting. In addition, Pinellia cultivation must avoid continuous cropping. Generally, after growing one season of Pinellia, at least 3 years of rotating other crops are required before it can be planted again; otherwise, yields will decline year after year, or there may even be no harvest.

(II) Timely Sowing and Reasonable Close Planting Pinellia can be sown in spring, summer, and autumn. When sown in summer and autumn, because the seed stems overwinter in the field, they are susceptible to adverse weather and damage from pests and diseases, and they occupy the land for an extra half year; therefore, field production generally adopts spring sowing, which can both avoid the adverse factors of the previous crop and allow timely adjustment of the planting area according to market demand that year. Spring sowing is generally carried out in early spring after the soil thaws, by drilling in rows in fields that have already been plowed, harrowed, and bedded. The spacing between plants and rows is about 3 cm each, and the sowing depth is about 10.5 cm.

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