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What are the symptoms of viral diseases in rice?

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Affected plants are stunted and the leaves become discolored, growth declines, and the leaf color turns orange to yellow. When indica rice is infected, the color is mostly orange or slightly reddish, so it is also called red leaf disease. Mottling appears on young leaves, and rust-colored spots appear on old leaves. At present, 11 kinds of rice viral diseases have been found in China (including two mycoplasma-like diseases), namely common dwarf disease, yellow leaf disease, stripe leaf blight, black-streaked dwarf disease, yellow wilt disease, grassy stunt disease, bunchy dwarf disease, ragged stunt disease, orange leaf disease, tungro disease, and tumor dwarf disease. In southern China, rice common dwarf disease and yellow leaf disease cause the most severe damage.

Affected plants are stunted and the leaves become discolored, growth declines, and the leaf color turns orange to yellow. When indica rice is infected, the color is mostly orange or slightly reddish, so it is also called red leaf disease. Mottling appears on young leaves, and rust-colored spots appear on old leaves.

At present, 11 kinds of rice viral diseases have been found in China (including two mycoplasma-like diseases), namely common dwarf disease, yellow leaf disease, stripe leaf blight, black-streaked dwarf disease, yellow wilt disease, grassy stunt disease, bunchy dwarf disease, ragged stunt disease, orange leaf disease, tungro disease, and tumor dwarf disease. In southern China, rice common dwarf disease and yellow leaf disease cause the most severe damage, while in northern rice-growing areas, rice stripe leaf blight occurs commonly.

Because these viral diseases are all transmitted by leafhoppers or planthoppers, and most are persistent in transmission, controlling the insects to prevent the disease and eliminating the transmission vectors before they transmit the virus is the most important control measure. The following pesticides can be diluted with water and sprayed: 8% buprofezin wettable powder 15-25 grams per mu; 25% metolcarb wettable powder 50 milliliters per mu, etc. In addition, measures such as selecting disease-resistant and disease-tolerant varieties; appropriately adjusting the sowing period; reducing interplanted fields; and clearing weeds on field edges and canal banks early also have a certain disease-prevention effect.

Generally speaking, the pesticides for controlling rice viral diseases include buprofezin wettable powder, metolcarb wettable powder, chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, fipronil granules, etc., but in different periods and different regions, pesticides cannot be used indiscriminately, so as to avoid causing greater losses. Moreover, once rice is infected with viral diseases such as stripe leaf blight and black-streaked dwarf disease, there is no cure, which seriously affects rice yield. The following is a brief introduction to the integrated control of rice viral diseases.

Control methods: focus on "controlling insects to prevent disease," comprehensively apply agricultural, physical, and chemical control measures, and prevent the occurrence of rice viral diseases.

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