Detailed Explanation of Key Techniques for Green Rice Cultivation

1. Select superior varieties, emphasizing the word "superior." Highlight the characteristics of high-quality varieties, selecting mid- to late-maturing varieties with good stress resistance, strong tillering ability, and relatively large panicles, suitable for dry seedling raising in greenhouses and ultra-sparse planting cultivation models. Seed quality should be at grade 2 or above, with a germination rate above 95% and purity above 98%. Conduct germination tests before sowing; seeds that do not meet the standards cannot be used as seed.

2. Seize the early advantage and compete for accumulated temperature. Everything must emphasize the word "early," mainly early seedling raising and early transplanting. Early seedling raising in greenhouses. In accumulated temperature zones 1 and 2, sow and raise seedlings in early April; in accumulated temperature zones 3 and 4, begin raising seedlings from April 10-15. Do not raise May seedlings; make every effort to cultivate strong seedlings and improve seedling quality. Transplanting must also emphasize the word "early," transplanting during the high-yield period, not transplanting June seedlings. Transplanting should be done by lifting seedlings, transplanting, and shallow transplanting simultaneously, raising standards, increasing soil and water temperature, increasing the effective tillering rate, and promoting good development of the rice root system.

3. Reasonable fertilization to promote development. Combine farmyard manure with biological fertilizer, nitrogen with phosphorus and potassium, and base fertilizer with topdressing. For base fertilizer, chicken manure is best, but the chicken manure must be decomposed and fermented and subjected to harmless treatment, applied at 1000 kg per mu, spread evenly. Grade A green food rice may apply limited amounts of chemical fertilizer, but Grade AA cannot apply chemical fertilizer and can only apply organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer. The principle of topdressing is small meals more often, that is, topdressing green-returning fertilizer, tillering fertilizer, panicle fertilizer, and grain fertilizer. The purpose of applying panicle fertilizer is to increase the number of spikelets, prevent degeneration, and improve the seed-setting rate; the purpose of applying grain fertilizer is to improve photosynthesis, prevent rice plant aging, and increase thousand-grain weight.

4. Clean water irrigation and scientific water use. Green food rice must use clean water irrigation; domestic sewage and industrial water must absolutely not be used to irrigate fields. In water layer management, the general principle is to focus on shallow water, use water to increase temperature, use water to promote and control, use air to nourish roots, and use roots to protect leaves, achieving living-stalk maturity. Specific irrigation methods: at the transplanting stage, use flower-reaching water; after green return, maintain a 2-3 cm water layer; before the effective tillering termination stage, mainly use shallow water irrigation and implement intermittent irrigation to increase effective tillering; when effective tillering ends, for plots with luxuriant growth, immediately drain and sun-dry the field for 7-10 days to control ineffective tillering, then adopt moist irrigation to nourish roots and protect leaves, achieving living-stalk maturity. Before heading, drain and sun-dry the field once to ensure concentrated heading and advance heading. If obstructive cold damage occurs, 10-15 days before heading, adopt deep water irrigation and maintain a 15 cm water layer so that the water temperature is higher than the air temperature, protecting the panicle differentiation part from low-temperature damage and safely passing through the low-temperature period. This is an effective measure to defend against obstructive cold damage.