Detailed Introduction to Rice Variety Minghui 63
[Basic Information] Minghui 63 was crossed as the female parent with Nannong 3005. Starting from the F2 generation, excellent individual plants were selected, and high-quality grains were selected through brown rice selection. South propagation was used to advance generations year after year, with seasonal selection in Yangzhou, and inoculation identification for resistance. In the F5 generation, paired test crosses were made with Xieqingzao A. In the 1994 main season, recovery ability and heterosis identification were conducted. Among the 121 identification lines selected, line No. 41 performed most outstandingly, with good plant and leaf morphology, coordinated panicle and grain structure, more panicles in the testcross F1, good luxuriance, plump and full grains, high seed-setting rate, and relatively good grain quality. This line was then further purified by individual plant selection and expanded for propagation. In spring 1995 in Hainan, small-scale seed production was carried out for this testcross combination, and a variety comparison identification trial was conducted in the main season. The yield of the restorer line reached 9.09 t/hm2, a 14.1% increase over Minghui 63, and the yield of the testcross combination was 10.29 t/hm2, an 11.2% increase over the control Shanyou 63; grain quality was also greatly improved; inoculation identification showed resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight. This combination participated in multi-location variety comparison identification in 1996, and in the Jiangsu Provincial regional trial and production trial from 1997 to 1998. It was also recommended to participate in the 1999 Southern Rice Region regional trial.
[Characteristics] In the 1996 multi-location variety comparison identification, the yield was 9.92 t/hm2, a 14.7% increase over Shanyou 63. In 1997, it participated in the Jiangsu Provincial regional trial, with an average yield of 9.15 t/hm2, a 7.56% increase over the control Shanyou 63, an extremely significant increase; in 1998, it continued to participate in the Jiangsu Provincial regional trial, with a yield of 10.04 t/hm2, an 8.64% increase over Shanyou 63, an extremely significant increase. Analysis of yield stability in the 2-year regional trial showed it was a high-yield and stable type. In 1998, it participated in the Jiangsu Provincial production trial, with an average yield of 9.35 t/hm2, an 8.2% increase over Shanyou 63, reaching an extremely significant level.
According to continuous 2-year inoculation resistance identification by the Plant Protection Department of the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 1997 to 1998, Xieyou 507 showed resistance level 3 to bacterial blight pathogens KS-6-6, Zhe 173, and PX079, indicating disease resistance, and its average resistance to JS49-6 was level 1.5, showing high resistance. It showed resistance to all 4 physiological races ZC15, ZE3, ZG1, and ZA49 of representative Jiangsu rice blast strains, and sheath blight occurred lightly in the field, with strong lodging resistance.
Xieyou 507 has relatively good grain quality, shown by high brown rice rate and milled rice rate, slender grains, semi-translucent milled rice, and small white belly. Analysis by the Grain Chemistry Department of the China National Rice Research Institute showed a brown rice rate of 81.4%, milled rice rate of 73%, length-to-width ratio of 3.0, chalkiness degree of 21.5%, transparency grade 3, amylose content of 24.7%, alkali spreading value grade 5, gel consistency of 80 mm, and protein content of 9.5%. The cooked rice of this combination is white and glossy, appropriately loose, and has a relatively good taste.
According to analysis of Jiangsu Provincial regional trial data, the whole growth period of Xieyou 507 is 145 d, 2 to 3 d longer than Shanyou 63, with 3.165 million effective panicles/hm2, 315,000/hm2 more than Shanyou 63, an average panicle length of 22.5 cm, 131.3 total grains per panicle, a seed-setting rate of 87.2%, and a 1000-grain weight of 29.98 g. The seedlings of this combination are short, strong, and upright, with relatively strong tillering ability, narrow leaves, slightly darker leaf color, a plant height of 108 cm, 17 total leaves, 5 elongated internodes on the main stem, moderately compact plant type, upward-held leaves, excellent comprehensive traits, good maturity appearance, and no premature senescence.
[Breeder] Lixiahe Region Agricultural Science Research Institute
[Region and Technology] Sow at the appropriate time and cultivate strong seedlings with soil attached. This combination is grown as single-season middle rice, generally sown at the end of April or the beginning of May. Both wet seedling raising and dry seedling raising are suitable. For wet seedling raising, the dry seed sowing rate is about 150 kg per hectare, and for fertilized-bed dry seedling raising, the dry seed sowing rate is about 350 kg per hectare. For dry seedling raising, it is recommended to use the high water-absorbing seed coating agent "Hanyu Baomu" produced by the Lixiahe Region Agricultural Science Research Institute of Jiangsu, and for dry-raised throwing seedlings, it is recommended to use the high water-absorbing seed coating agent "Hanpao Chenggong", with a medicine-to-seed ratio of 1:3, so as to improve the seedling establishment rate, dwarf the plants and promote tillering, and prevent bacterial wilt seedling death and bakanae disease damage. Prepare the seedbed well, apply sufficient organic fertilizer, supplement phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and apply nitrogen topdressing according to seedling conditions.
Xieyou 507 has relatively good luxuriance, so timely early transplanting is beneficial to seedling growth. The seedling age should be about 30 d, and the leaf age should preferably be 6.0 to 6.5 leaves. The density for manual transplanting is generally a row spacing of 25.0 cm x 13.3 cm, with 300,000 hills per hectare, and sufficient basic seedlings of 900,000 to 1.2 million/hm2; the density for dry-raised throwing seedlings is 900,000 to 1.2 million basic seedlings/hm2.
Xieyou 507 is fertilizer-tolerant and lodging-resistant. The total nitrogen application rate in the field should be controlled at about 225 kg/hm2, with basal and surface fertilizer and tillering fertilizer accounting for 60%, and panicle-grain fertilizer accounting for 40%. The basal fertilizer should mainly be organic fertilizer, with a combination of quick-acting and slow-acting fertilizers, and combined application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. In water management, transplant in shallow water, tiller in thin water, and about 25 d after transplanting, when the total number of seedlings in the field reaches the sufficient panicle seedling number (2.7 million to 3 million/hm2), begin field drying in stages, and control the peak seedling number within 4.2 million/hm2. In the later stage, keep alternating dry and wet conditions, nourish roots and preserve leaves, and mature fully until old; stop water 7 d before harvest.