Introduction to the Characteristics and Traits of the Liaojing 135 Rice Variety

The new rice variety Liaojing 135 was developed by the Rice Research Institute of the Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1989 using 84-233 as the female parent and 79-178 as the male parent, through artificial hybridization followed by 6 generations of line selection.

Characteristics and traits: seedlings are sturdy, leaf color is dark green, recovery after transplanting is quick, growth is robust, and tillering ability is relatively strong. The plant type is compact, leaves are erect, the flag leaf opening angle is good, the stem is tough, and in the later stage the plant matures with green stalks and does not senesce early. Plant height is 95-100 cm, panicle length is 15-18 cm, grain setting is relatively dense, with 110-120 filled grains per panicle, and 1000-grain weight is 24.1 g. The panicle shape is semi-loose, the glumes are yellow-white, and there are sparse short awns. In the Shenyang area, Liaojing 135 is generally sown in early April, transplanted in early to mid-May, heads in early August, and matures at the end of September. The growth period is 155-156 days, and it is a medium-maturity variety. According to identification by relevant units inside the province and the China National Rice Research Institute, its resistance to rice blast is MR grade, sheath blight is extremely light, and it is slightly susceptible to rice false smut, with strong fertilizer tolerance and lodging resistance. According to laboratory analysis by the China National Rice Research Institute, Liaojing 135 has a brown rice rate of 82.8%, milled rice rate of 74.8%, head rice rate of 72.0%, grain length of 5.1 mm, grain length-to-width ratio of 1.8, chalkiness rate of 40%, chalkiness degree of 5.4%, transparency grade 1, alkali spreading value grade 7.0, gel consistency 76 mm, amylose content 17.6%, and protein content 7.4%. Its eating quality is good and palatable, and its rice quality is relatively high.

Yield performance: In the 1994 in-institute variety comparison trial, the average yield per mu was 512.6 kg, an increase of 26.7% compared with the control Qiuguang at 404.5 kg per mu. In the 1995 in-institute variety comparison trial, the average yield per mu was 491.6 kg, an increase of 13.1% compared with the control Qiuguang at 434.8 kg per mu. The two-year average yield per mu was 502.1 kg, an increase of 19.6% compared with the control Qiuguang at 419.7 kg per mu. In 1996, it participated in the provincial medium-maturity group regional trial, with an average yield per mu of 582.0 kg, an increase of 8.9% compared with the control Qiuguang at an average of 534.6 kg per mu. In 1997, in the provincial medium-maturity group regional trial, the average yield per mu was 511.1 kg, an increase of 14.3% compared with the control Tiejing 4 at an average of 447.1 kg per mu. Over the two-year regional trial, the average yield per mu was 546.6 kg, an increase of 11.3% compared with the control at an average of 490.85 kg per mu, ranking first in the regional trial. In 1997, at 5 production identification trial sites, the average yield per mu was 607.4 kg, an increase of 12.6% compared with the control Qiuguang at an average of 539.3 kg per mu. In 1998, at 6 production identification trial sites, the average yield per mu was 618.8 kg, an increase of 9.3% compared with the control Tiejing 4 at an average of 566.0 kg per mu. Over the two years, across a total of 11 trial site-times, all showed yield increases compared with the control, with an average yield per mu of 613.6 kg, an increase of 10.8% compared with the control at an average of 553.9 kg per mu. During large-area demonstration and trial planting, the average yield per mu was 600-650 kg, with the highest yield per mu reaching 784.7 kg.

Breeder: Rice Research Institute of the Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Regions and techniques: 1. Cultivate strong seedlings: before sowing, sun-dry the seeds for 2-3 days and strictly disinfect the seeds to prevent bakanae disease. Generally sow in early April, with a sowing rate of 150-200 g per sq m. After emergence, ventilate and harden the seedlings in a timely manner to prevent damping-off. 2. Reasonable sparse planting: row spacing and plant spacing are generally 30 cm x (13.2-16.5) cm, with 4-5 seedlings per hill, striving to maintain 300,000 effective panicles per mu, and transplant in early to mid-May. 3. Scientific fertilization: generally apply 60-70 kg of standard nitrogen per mu, apply heavy farmyard manure, and apply sufficient base fertilizer. Generally, the base fertilizer is 20 kg of ammonium sulfate, 10 kg of diammonium phosphate (or 50 kg of superphosphate), 7-8 kg of potassium fertilizer, and 1 kg of zinc fertilizer. After seedling recovery, at the beginning of tillering, apply 20 kg of ammonium sulfate per mu; at the peak tillering stage on June 20-25, apply 15-20 kg of ammonium sulfate per mu; at the meiosis stage, apply 5-7 kg of ammonium sulfate per mu, during July 10-20. Fertilization should follow the principle of heavy early and light late; apply appropriately more in the early stage to promote tillering, and in the later stage apply appropriately less according to growth condition, soil fertility, and climatic conditions to prevent rice false smut and panicle neck blast. 4. Water layer management: achieve shallow-water transplanting, 1-cun water for seedling recovery, shallow water for tillering, and appropriately drain the field at the end of effective tillering. Do not cut off water too early at the end of rice growth to prevent early senescence. 5. Pest and disease control: in production, generally from mid-June to early July, use Daofengling to control the striped stem borer. The timing of application can be based on the climatic conditions at the time and the specific field survey situation; control is better before the larvae reach the 3rd instar. From 5-7 days before heading, spray ammonium copper complex (350 g per mu) or other copper preparations once to control rice false smut.

According to the results of the Liaoning Province rice variety regional trial, production identification, and key demonstration trial planting, it can be planted within the province in Shenyang, Liaoyang, Anshan, Haicheng, Yingkou, Panjin, Tieling, Kaiyuan, Jinzhou, and other places, and outside the province it can be trial-planted in **, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, and other places.