Detailed introduction to the rice variety Fengaizhan No. 1

Fengaizhan No. 1 is a new conventional high-quality, high-yield rice variety bred by the Rice Research Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences through crossing Changsizhan with Fengqing'ai.

Characteristics and traits: The variety participated in the early-season regional trials in Guangdong Province and Hainan Province from 1995 to 1996. The average yields per mu were 404.82 kg and 442.6 kg respectively, increasing yield by 5.96% and 16.51% compared with the controls Qishanzhan and QiguiZao 25, with the highest yield per mu reaching 642.5 kg. The grain quality is relatively good. According to measurements by the Grain Chemistry Laboratory of the China National Rice Research Institute, the brown rice rate is 80.9%, the milled rice rate is 73.7%, the head rice rate is 64.1%, transparency grade 3, grain length 6.3 mm, length-to-width ratio 3.2, chalkiness rate 22%, chalkiness degree 5.7%, gel consistency 56 mm, amylose content 24.4%, and protein content 11.9%. Eight indicators - brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, grain shape, gelatinization temperature, gel consistency, amylose content, and protein content - reach the Grade 1 standard issued by the ministry. It is moderately resistant to rice blast and highly resistant to bacterial blight.

Fengaizhan No. 1 performs as a medium-late maturing variety in the early season and an early maturing variety in the late season. It is semi-dwarf; when planted in Guangdong Province, the plant height is 95-100 cm, and when planted in Hainan Province, the plant height is 85 cm, with 210,000-220,000 effective panicles per mu, 120 total grains per panicle, a seed-setting rate of 73%-74%, and a 1000-grain weight of 19.5-21.5 g. It has a good plant type, thick and upright leaves, sturdy stems, tolerance to fertilizer and resistance to lodging, and medium tillering ability, making it suitable for high-yield cultivation. The disadvantage is that when the temperature drops in the later stage, the ripening color is poor, affecting the seed-setting rate.

Breeder: Rice Research Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Regions and technology: When planted in Guangdong, the whole growth period in the early season is 126-133 days; when planted in Hainan, the whole growth period is 114-137 days. It is suitable for both early and late seasons in the South China rice region, with a suitable planting area of 87.75 million mu. At present, 950,000 mu have been promoted, increasing rice output by 41 million kg.

Cultivation regulations:

1. Timely sowing: The main considerations should be safe sowing in the early season (a stable period with an average daily temperature of >=12 degrees C) and safe full heading in the late season. Especially for late-season planting, sowing should not be too late, so as to avoid affecting the seed-setting of this variety due to an excessive temperature drop in the later stage.

2. Sparse sowing to raise strong seedlings: The sowing rate in the seedling field should be reasonably determined according to different seedling-raising methods: for large seedlings pulled for transplanting, the sowing rate per mu in the seedling field is 10-12 kg; for medium and small seedlings, the sowing rate per mu in the seedling field is 15-20 kg; for seedling throwing, the seed rate per mu is 1.5 kg.

3. Reasonable close planting: When transplanting, the planting density and the number of seedlings per hill should be strictly controlled. Generally, 18,000-20,000 hills per mu, with 2-3 seedlings per hill, is appropriate, and shallow and even transplanting should be achieved.

4. Balanced fertilization: Sufficient base fertilizer should be applied in both the seedling field and the main field. Generally, 20-25 kg of superphosphate per mu is applied as base fertilizer in the seedling field. In the main field, the base fertilizer should account for about 25%-30% of the total fertilizer application, and organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer should be the main type; topdressing should be applied early, and tillering fertilizer should be applied appropriately. Generally, tillering fertilizer is applied twice, 3-5 days and 10-12 days after transplanting respectively, with each application accounting for about 25% of the total fertilizer application; a moderate amount of mid-season fertilizer should be added. Mid-season fertilizer is generally applied at the early stage of young panicle differentiation and should account for about 15%-20% of the total fertilizer application; nitrogen application in the later stage should be strictly controlled. Later-stage supplementary fertilizer should mainly be phosphorus and potassium or preferably foliar application.

5. Timely harvest: This variety matures relatively slowly in the later stage, about 5 days longer than ordinary varieties, so the later maturation time should be appropriately extended.