How is the rice variety Fuyou 964?
[Basic information] Fuyou 964 is a new combination developed by the Rice and Wheat Research Institute of the Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences using Fuyi A and Fuhui 964. From 1997 to 1998 it participated in the Fujian Province hybrid late indica regional trial, and in 1999 it participated in the Fujian Province production trial.
Fuhui 964 is a new restorer line bred by crossing line 22 selected from Javanese rice fields, which has strong restoring ability for the wild-abortive sterile line, as the female parent with the strong high-quality restorer line Minghui 63. The plant is relatively tall, the plant type is slightly loose, the tillering ability is relatively strong, the culm is medium-thick with strong toughness, the leaf color is deep green, the flag leaf is boat-shaped, relatively long and erect, the panicle is large with many grains, the amount of pollen is large, the seed-setting rate is high, the 1000-grain weight is relatively small, and the color changes well in the later stage. In the early season the milled rice is milky white; in the late season the milled rice is transparent with very little chalkiness. The seeds have the characteristic of slow germination like japonica rice. Sown in the early season, the green-growth period is relatively long; as the sowing date is delayed, the growth period gradually shortens. From March 15 to July 21, 1999, sowing was carried out in 10 batches in Fuzhou, and the number of days from sowing to heading ranged from 80 to 128 d. Fuhui 964 belongs to the basic vegetative growth type promoted by both high temperature and short-day photoperiod, and it also has a certain affinity for japonica rice.
[Characteristics] The leaves are relatively long, the leaf color is dark green, the tillering ability is medium to strong, and the percentage of productive tillers is relatively high. It grows and develops early and quickly in the early stage; in the middle and late stages the plant type is moderately compact, and the culm is medium-thick with good toughness; in the late stage the distribution of the 3 leaves of the canopy is ideal and light transmission is good, it is tolerant of low temperature, the seed-setting rate is high, and the color changes well. Grown as continuous late rice under medium-fertility conditions, the total number of leaves on the main culm is 15 to 16, the flag leaf is 38 to 45 cm long and 2.0 to 2.2 cm wide, erect upward and with a long functional period, the plant height is about 100 cm, the panicle length is 24 to 25 cm, the effective panicles are about 2.7 million per ha, the total number of grains per panicle is about 160, the seed-setting rate is 85%, and the 1000-grain weight is 25 g.
It has strong resistance to rice blast. In 1997 to 1998, over 2 years of rice blast resistance identification at 10 sites in the provincial rice regional trial, both leaf blast and neck blast were grade 0 to 3; in indoor inoculation identification at the seedling stage, the resistant-susceptible reaction type was R. In the 1999 late-season trial planting, it also showed relatively strong resistance (tolerance) to sheath blight, bacterial leaf streak, and rice gall midge.
According to testing by the Rice and Rice Products Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, the brown rice rate is 80.4%, the milled rice rate is 73.2%, the head rice rate is 70.0%, the grain length is 6.2 m, the length-to-width ratio is 2.4, the chalkiness rate is 40%, the chalkiness degree is 4.0%, the transparency is grade 1, the alkali spreading value is grade 3.9, the gel consistency is 51 mm, the amylose content is 22.0%, and the protein content is 9.5%. Among these, 5 indicators reach the first-grade standard for high-quality rice issued by the ministry, and 4 indicators reach the second-grade standard for high-quality rice issued by the ministry. The rice has good appearance quality, the cooked rice is soft and tasty, and the eating quality is superior to Shanyou 63.
It belongs to the basic vegetative type combination. In the 1997 to 1998 late indica regional trial, the whole growth period was 129.0 and 123.4 d respectively, 1.0 and 25 d shorter than Shanyou 63. As continuous late rice it matures 2 d earlier than Shanyou 63, as middle rice its growth period is comparable to Shanyou 63, and as early rice it is about 8 d longer than Shanyou 63.
Fuyou 964 participated in the Fujian Province hybrid late indica regional trial in 1997, with an average yield of 6.08 t/ha, increasing yield by 13.65% and 11.88% respectively compared with Shanyou Gui 32 (CK1) and Shanyou 63 (CK2), both reaching an extremely significant level. In the continued trial in 1998, the average yield was 7.01 t/ha, increasing yield by 4.22% and 2.14% respectively compared with Shanyou Gui 32 and Shanyou 63, reaching extremely significant and significant levels.
Production trial planting performance: in the 1997 late season, trial planting in Jian'ou City covered 0.13 ha, with an average yield of 7.43 t/ha, 14.7% higher than Shanyou 63; in Xiamen City, seedling-throwing trial planting covered 0.1 ha, with an average yield of 7.26 t/ha, 4.18% higher than Teyou 63. In the 1998 late season, trial planting in Shaowu City covered 0.3 ha, with an average yield of 7.88 t/ha, 3.69% higher than Shanyou 63. As middle rice in Ninghua County, in a small-plot variety comparison trial in 3 townships, the average yield was 7.07 t/ha, 12.1% higher than Shanyou 63. In the 1999 late season at the Shanghang County Agricultural Science Institute, trial planting covered 0.1 ha, with an average yield of 7.31 t/ha, 8.0% higher than Shanyou 63.
[Breeder] Rice and Wheat Research Institute of the Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
[Region and techniques] Fuyou 964 has large panicles and many grains, so in cultivation the main focus should be on the number of effective panicles, establishing a reasonable high-yield population structure, and increasing grain weight. Soaking seeds with strong chlorine-based disinfectant is advocated, followed by thorough washing before sprouting, to prevent bakanae disease. For continuous late rice, sow in mid-to-late June, or 2 to 3 d later than Shanyou 63, to raise strong seedlings with more than 2 tillers, and control the seedling age within 30 d. Plant appropriately densely, with a spacing of 16 cm x 20 cm, planting more than 300,000 hills per ha, with 2 grain seedlings per hill. Adopt fertilization measures of promoting early growth in the early stage, strengthening plants and culms in the middle stage, and supplementing grain-filling and weight-increasing fertilizer in the late stage. Nitrogen application should not be excessive; the total pure nitrogen should be 150 kg/ha, with an N:P:K ratio of 1.0:0.5:0.7. Generally basal fertilizer accounts for 50%, tillering fertilizer accounts for 30%, and grain weight-increasing fertilizer accounts for 20%. Keep the field moist 3 d before harvest, and do not cut off water too early, so that fertilized grains are plump and full. During field growth, pay attention to the control of pests and diseases such as rice thrips, stem borers, and rice planthoppers.
For seed production, middle rice or late rice is preferable; determining the sowing interval between male and female parents mainly by time difference and supplemented by leaf age difference is relatively safe and reliable. For middle rice seed production, the time difference is 32 to 49 d, and the leaf difference is 6.5 to 8.5 leaves; for late rice seed production, the time difference is 24 to 26 d, and the leaf difference is 5.8 to 6.3 leaves. Use comprehensive measures to increase outcrossing seed-setting rate and seed quality. Fuyi A is relatively insensitive to "920", so the dosage should be increased by 75 to 90 g/ha compared with Zhenshan 97A, and spraying of "920" should begin when the female parent has headed 20% to 25%, with continuous heavy spraying over 2 d, 120 to 135 g/ha each time. Fuyi A is susceptible to sheath blight, especially from the initial heading stage to the grain-filling and seed-setting stage, so control of sheath blight should be strengthened. Fuyi A itself flowers early, has a large glume-opening angle, well-developed stigma, a high exsertion rate, and strong vigor, and some grains have glume cracking, so regulators such as Duoweiling should not be sprayed. During the flowering and seed-setting stage, irrigate with a shallow water layer to maintain field humidity, so that seeds have little or no glume cracking and seed quality is ensured.