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Overwintering management of Panax notoginseng, Coptis chinensis, Morinda officinalis, and Ligusticum chuanxiong

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Panax notoginseng: In winter, when the leaves turn yellow and wither, cut off the above-ground stems and leaves about 3 cm above the ground, collect the dead stems and leaves, remove weeds and diseased plant residues from inside and outside the garden, and burn them all outside the garden to clean the field. Then spray the bed surface with 1:1:200 Bordeaux mixture or 0.2-0.3 degrees Baume lime-sulfur mixture to fully disinfect the soil. If exposed roots are found, add appropriate soil covering. In addition, after cleaning the garden in November, apply 2000 kg of decomposed mixed fertilizer per mu at the plant roots to protect the buds through the winter safely. Before the seedlings emerge

Panax notoginseng: In winter, when the leaves turn yellow and wither, cut off the above-ground stems and leaves about 3 cm above the ground, collect the dead stems and leaves, remove weeds and diseased plant residues from inside and outside the garden, and burn them all outside the garden to clean the field. Then spray the bed surface with 1:1:200 Bordeaux mixture or 0.2-0.3 degrees Baume lime-sulfur mixture to fully disinfect the soil. If exposed roots are found, add appropriate soil covering. In addition, after cleaning the garden in November, apply 2000 kg of decomposed mixed fertilizer per mu at the plant roots to protect the buds through the winter safely. Before the seedlings emerge, repair the shade shed, and adjust the shading degree to about 60 percent, so as to increase sunlight in the garden, which promotes the growth and development of Panax notoginseng the following year.

Coptis chinensis: Winter soil hilling around the base of Coptis chinensis can promote the growth and development of its seedlings, promote rhizome growth, correspondingly increase root depth, reduce or avoid damage to the root system caused by low-temperature freezing injury, prevent frost damage to the buds, and benefit plant growth. When hilling soil, dig up the soil in the furrow, break it into loose fine soil, and spread it evenly on the bed. Medicinal materials also suitable for overwintering by hilling soil around the base include Astragalus membranaceus, Panax ginseng, and American ginseng.

Morinda officinalis: Morinda officinalis is a perennial evergreen woody vine, and its roots are used as medicine. For plants that have grown for 2-3 years, root growth has entered a vigorous period. To prevent excessive growth of stems and leaves, in winter each year, in conjunction with preparing cuttings, cut off the already aged green stems and vines from the base as material for cutting propagation, reducing the consumption of nutrients by the stems and vines while promoting nutrient accumulation in the roots, thereby achieving the goal of safe overwintering and increased yield. Medicinal plants also suitable for pruning before overwintering include Weeping Forsythia, Goji, Cape Jasmine, Japanese Honeysuckle, Rose, Chinese Gall, Sichuan Pepper, and many others, but after pruning they all require intertillage and weeding, fertilization, and nutrient supplementation so the plants can quickly resume normal growth.

Ligusticum chuanxiong: After the beginning of winter, when the above-ground parts of Ligusticum chuanxiong turn yellow and withered, the 4th intertillage and weeding should be carried out. First pull off the above-ground parts, then carry out intertillage and weeding, and hill the soil between rows onto the rows to protect the rhizomes through the winter; farmers call this "winter hilling medicine." In addition, Codonopsis pilosula also needs one round of "winter hilling medicine" before the beginning of winter. In the following spring, use a toothed hoe to remove the withered stems and weeds, and burn them for fertilizer.

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