Key Techniques and Detailed Planting Methods for Autumn Garlic Cultivation

Garlic is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Liliaceae family. Its garlic sprouts, stems and leaves, and bulbs are all edible, possessing extremely high culinary and medicinal value, making it a treasure among vegetables. When planting garlic in autumn, pay attention to the following points:

1. Fine land preparation. Garlic is best grown in deep, fertile, loose, well-drained sandy soil. Generally, deep plow 15 to 20 cm, and along with deep plowing, apply 1000 to 1500 kg of barnyard manure per mu as base fertilizer, turn it under and break up the soil, build beds about 2 m wide, dig drainage ditches well, and keep the bed surface level and soft.

2. Timely sowing. Autumn garlic is generally sown from early August to mid-September. When cultivating for green garlic, sowing should be earlier. When cultivating for garlic stems and bulbs, sowing can be later. According to the cultivation purpose, white-skinned garlic varieties such as "Chengdu Ershuizao" and "Jiading" can be selected. Sowing is done by hole planting, with 2-3 cloves per hole, spacing of 17-20 cm, and a depth of 3-4 cm. After sowing, cover with a layer of plant ash or pour on a layer of mud slurry. The sowing rate per mu is 120-140 kg.

3. Fertilization management. Base fertilizer: before land preparation, apply 20-25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 8-10 kg of superphosphate, and 4-5 kg of potassium chloride per mu. Seedling fertilizer: after full emergence and at the early three-leaf stage, apply 1500-2000 kg of human and livestock manure and urine per mu, plus 5 kg of urea. Winter fertilizer: so-called winter fertilizer refers to a supplementary fertilizer applied to crops from this winter to the following spring. Apply 10 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 1000-1200 kg of human and livestock manure per mu, or 50 kg of rapeseed cake, 18 kg of urea, and 5 kg of potassium chloride. Bolting fertilizer: during the garlic bolting stage, apply 15 kg of urea per mu. Foliar spray fertilizer: during the rapid bulb expansion stage, spray a 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution per mu, preferably around Grain Rain.

4. Field management. After garlic seedlings emerge uniformly, use bamboo strips to transplant and thin seedlings. Fertilize after seedling establishment, and carry out loosening of the soil and weeding in time. Loosen the soil once around Great Cold. In late February of the following year, clear the drainage ditches in time. If drought occurs, timely furrow irrigation should be carried out for drought resistance.

5. Pest and disease control. The main pests and diseases of garlic include Phytophthora blight and coffee bean weevil. To control Phytophthora blight, use 100 g of 25% carbendazim per mu diluted in 50 kg of water and spray. For the coffee bean weevil in garlic, fumigation with aluminum phosphide at 3-5 g per cubic meter can be used for control.