Cultivation Technical Points for the Dual-Purpose Bolt and Bulb Garlic Variety Fengsuan No. 1

Fengsuan No. 1 garlic has characteristics such as early maturity, cold tolerance, disease resistance, early bolting, large bulbs, high yield and good quality. It is a dual-purpose bolt and bulb garlic variety for autumn cultivation in the Huang-Huai River basin. The variety has a whole growth period of 215 days, with 12-14 leaves, and 6-7 leaves at overwintering; plant height 60-70 cm, pseudostem height 25 cm, diameter 1.5-2 cm; garlic bolt length 60-80 cm, red bracts, single bolt weight 23-30 g, easy bolting, crisp and tender texture with good flavor; garlic bulb skin with slight purple stripes, transverse diameter 5.3-7.2 cm, single bulb dry weight 50-80 g, 8-10 cloves per bulb.

Land preparation and fertilization: Apply 4000-5000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 100-150 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer. Prepare beds 1.8 m wide with furrows 20 cm wide. Dig a longitudinal ditch every 50 m, and dig a transverse waist ditch every 25 m along the direction of the beds, so that the border ditches and the three inner ditches connect.

Sowing: Sow from September 20-30, with a seeding rate of 140-150 kg per mu. First soak the garlic seed in well water for 12-16 hours, remove and then soak in a mixture of 50% carbendazim wettable powder (500-fold solution) and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 6 hours, then remove and sow. Sowing row spacing 18-20 cm, plant spacing 10-12 cm, sowing depth 3-4 cm. After sowing, spray with 150 mL of 33% pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate mixed with 30 kg of water for soil sealing treatment, and cover with plastic film after application.

Field management: During the seedling emergence stage, promptly break the film to release seedlings, and appropriately control irrigation after emergence. In early December, irrigate once with overwintering water according to weather changes. After the Beginning of Spring, water appropriately according to seedling condition and weather to keep the soil moist. In early March, apply 10-12 kg each of urea and potassium sulfate per mu combined with irrigation. 7 days before the mother bulb degenerates, apply 20 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu by flushing, then continue with heavy fertilizer and heavy water to promote seedlings and bolts according to soil moisture, generally irrigating once every 5-7 days, with one fertilization between two irrigations, applying 10-15 kg of special fertilizer per mu each time.

Pest and disease control: To control leaf blight, spray with 600-800-fold solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder. To control purple blotch, spray with 1000-fold solution of 64% metalaxyl-mancozeb wettable powder (Sandofan). To control bacterial soft rot, spray with 800-fold solution of 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder (Kocide). To control root maggots, apply 200 mL of 48% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate per mu mixed with water and drench the roots, or spray with 1000-fold solution of 90% crystal trichlorfon, or drench the roots with 1500-fold solution of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate.