What are the common pests and diseases of licorice (Glycyrrhiza) and their control methods?

(1) Rust: in the early stage of the disease, spray with 25% triadimefon wettable powder at 1000 times dilution or 97% dinocap at 300 times dilution for control, once every 7-10 days, for a total of 2-3 sprays.

(2) Brown spot: spray once with 1:1 Bordeaux mixture before the disease occurs; in the early stage of the disease, choose 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at 2000 times dilution or 75% chlorothalonil at 500 times dilution for spray control, once every 7-10 days, for a total of 2 sprays.

(3) Aphids: during the occurrence period, spray-kill with 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate at 1500 times dilution.

(4) Leafhoppers: late June to early August is the period of serious damage. During the occurrence period, use 2.5% deltamethrin emulsion at 2000 times to 4000 times dilution, 45 kg per mu. In order to meet the quality standards for pollution-free medicinal materials, spraying toxic pesticides or other chemical agents is prohibited within 40-60 days before licorice harvest, to prevent pesticide or toxic heavy metal residues in licorice medicinal materials from exceeding the standard. In addition, licorice powdery mildew, licorice seed chalcid wasps, and others should also be controlled in a timely manner.