What are the pest and disease control methods for Codonopsis pilosula?
Codonopsis pilosula is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. It is widely cultivated in northern China, and its roots are used medicinally. It has functions such as tonifying qi and nourishing blood, harmonizing the spleen and stomach, and promoting fluid production and clearing the lungs. It is mainly used to treat various qi deficiency conditions such as shortness of breath and weakness, thirst due to fluid damage, weakness of the spleen and stomach, loss of appetite, loose and watery stools, cough and asthma due to lung deficiency, weakness after febrile disease, and prolapse of the anus due to qi deficiency. It has a very wide range of uses. The pest and disease control methods are introduced as follows:
1. Root rot often begins to occur during the high-temperature and high-humidity period from May to June in summer. It mainly occurs in Codonopsis pilosula plants that have been growing for more than 2 years. In the early stage of the disease, the lateral roots and fibrous roots near the ground turn blackish brown. When there is a lot of rain and the disease is severe, the root system rots, the plants wither and die, and the yield is seriously affected. Control methods: (1) Drain water promptly during hot and rainy seasons to prevent water accumulation in the field. (2) Diseased plants should be pulled out promptly, and the diseased holes should be disinfected with 5% lime milk to prevent spread. (3) When the affected area is relatively large, irrigate the diseased area with 500 times dilution of 50% carbendazim. (4) During land preparation, use 1 kg of 70% quintozene powder per mu for soil disinfection. (5) In the early stage of the disease, spray 2000 times dilution of 50% thiophanate or drench the roots, once every 7-10 days, for 2-3 consecutive times. (6) Practice crop rotation with crops of different families and genera such as soybean, @#@245@#@, and corn.
2. Rust disease occurs from July to August every year and mainly damages leaves and stems. The back of diseased leaves bulges and shows yellow spots, which later rupture and release orange-yellow powder. After onset, the leaves dry up or fall early. When the disease is severe, the reduction in Codonopsis pilosula root yield is relatively large. Control methods: (1) Clean the garden after withering in winter and burn the diseased and residual plants. (2) In the early stage of the disease, spray 200 times dilution of 50% dinitrocaprylphenyl methanate or 400 times dilution of 97% sodium dinitro-o-cresolate, once every 7-10 days, for 2-3 consecutive times, or spray 1000-1500 times dilution of 25% triadimefon for control. (3) Set up supports promptly, change ventilation conditions, and reduce field temperature.
3. Aphids mostly occur in summer and become severe during drought. They mainly suck the sap of tender buds and tender leaves, causing them to dry up and die. Control method: spray with 1500-2000 times dilution of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate.
4. Cutworms, white grubs, and mole crickets often occur at the seedling stage and damage seedling stems and roots, causing missing plants and even reduced yield. Control methods: (1) Mix 25 grams of chlordane emulsifiable concentrate with 5 kg of fried fragrant wheat bran, add an appropriate amount of water to make poisonous bait, and scatter it in the field to kill them. (2) Drench around the root zone with 700-1000 times dilution of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 1000 times dilution of 50% 1605 emulsifiable concentrate to kill insects and protect roots. (3) When damage occurs at the seedling stage, use 100 grams of 90% crystal trichlorfon and 5 kg of fried fragrant rapeseed cake to make poisonous bait for trapping and killing.
5. Red spider mites damage seedling and mature plant leaves by sucking sap, causing plants to become yellow and wilted and even dry up. Control method: spray with 1500 times dilution of 50% fenitrothion.