Application Technology of EM Bacteria in High-Quality Rice Production

In recent years, China's grain output has been greatly increased, but it also faces the contradiction of severe environmental pollution and low quality of agricultural products. Long-term unreasonable application of chemical fertilizers has become one of the important factors that waste resources, pollute the environment, increase production costs, and affect the quality of agricultural products. With the improvement of human environmental protection and health awareness, the demand for pollution-free food is also increasing day by day. Therefore, in agricultural production, it is imperative to develop new biological organic fertilizers to reduce or even eliminate chemical fertilizers and produce high-yield, high-quality, and efficient agricultural products.

EM is the English abbreviation of Effective Microorganisms, and its original inventor is Professor Teruo Higa of the University of the Ryukyus in Japan. It is mainly composed of various beneficial microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, yeast, photosynthetic bacteria, and actinomycetes.

I. Mechanism of Action

The photosynthetic bacteria in Qiangershuang Gaoqiang EM Active Liquid can use solar heat not only on leaves but also in soil and water to synthesize antioxidant substances, amino acids, sugars, and various physiologically active substances to promote plant growth. They also activate and strengthen other beneficial microorganisms in the soil, enhance the vitality of plant roots, and improve the ability to absorb nutrients. The microorganisms in Qiangershuang Gaoqiang EM Active Liquid can improve the soil environment, inhibit harmful microorganisms, enrich beneficial microorganisms, dissolve phosphorus and potassium, fix nitrogen, and improve the soil's water retention and aeration performance. The substances secreted and synthesized by the microbial community in Qiangershuang Gaoqiang EM Active Liquid, such as various organic acids, amino acids, enzymes, active hormones, and antioxidant enzymes, can directly promote plant growth and can also decompose residual pesticides, restoring the soil to an antioxidant state and fully giving play to the growth capacity of crops in a healthy state.

II. Methods of Use

Gaoqiang EM Active Liquid has many methods of use in rice production. Its diluted solution can be used for seed soaking, seed dressing, foliar spraying, and making fermented compost, etc.

1. Use during the germination promotion stage. Wash the soaked rice seeds and scoop them out to make a heap. When the temperature inside the seed heap rises to 20-25°C, turn it frequently and spray Qiangershuang Gaoqiang EM Active Liquid at the same temperature as the seeds to prevent drying. The concentration used is a 300-500 times dilution. Its effect is to make the sprouts strong, increase yield, improve quality, and promote early maturity.

2. Use during the seedling stage. When the seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, Qiangershuang Gaoqiang EM Active Liquid can be added when watering the seedbed. It can not only prevent disease but also strengthen the seedlings. The concentration used is a 500-1000 times dilution. Spray EM Active Liquid two days before transplanting, and after transplanting there is basically no need for seedling recovery.

3. During the tillering stage, booting stage, and heading stage, spray the leaves with a 500 times diluted solution of EM Active Liquid respectively. Depending on the growth condition, a 1000 times diluted solution of EM Active Liquid can also be sprayed on the leaves once a week.

4. Use EM Active Liquid to make fermented compost. Apply it into paddy fields as a base fertilizer to improve the soil and enhance soil fertility (a diluted solution of EM Active Liquid can also be sprayed on the soil). Production method: use local raw materials, such as rice bran, weeds, human and livestock manure, crop straw (chopped), stems and leaves, and sawdust. It is best to add some distiller's grains residue, edible fungus substrate residue, and cake meal, etc., and mix and stir them. According to the ratio of total raw materials 500-1000 : EM stock solution 1 : EM advanced culture medium 1 : clean water 30-45% (increase or decrease the water amount depending on the dryness or wetness of the materials), first pour the EM advanced culture medium into the water, then add the EM stock solution, and then mix and stir evenly with the raw materials. Pile up and compact, seal with plastic film or canvas, and ferment anaerobically. After 10 days in summer and 15 days in winter, if a distiller's yeast fragrance is emitted or white or red mycelia appear, it indicates successful fermentation. A large pit can also be dug in the ground, first spray the bottom and four walls of the pit with a 500 times diluted solution of EM Active Liquid, then spread a layer (20 cm thick) and spray a 500 times diluted solution of EM Active Liquid once, until the large pit is filled, then cover with soil and tread it firm. After two weeks of fermentation, it can be used when there is a distiller's yeast fragrance or white or red mycelia appear. During fermentation, if the temperature reaches above 50°C, it should be turned. After cooling, seal and continue fermentation to avoid destroying effective substances. The sealed fermented compost can be stored for 3 months.

5. Use EM Active Liquid for weed control. After the autumn harvest, spread 200-300 kg of EM Active Liquid fermented compost per mu. By utilizing the growth-promoting effect of EM Active Liquid, let the grass seeds break the conventional dormancy, germinate ahead of season, and die because they cannot overwinter. In the spring of the following year, spray a 500 times diluted solution of EM Active Liquid once to accelerate the germination of remaining single seeds, and then through spring plowing and turning the fields and hoeing weeds in dry land, the weeds are retted to death or removed. With this continued for two or three years, all weeds can be eliminated.

III. Precautions

1. Before the key period of crop growth, using Qiangershuang Gaoqiang EM Active Liquid plus organic fertilizer will achieve the best yield-increasing effect.

2. Using Qiangershuang Gaoqiang EM Active Liquid after rain and in the evening has the best effect.

3. Qiangershuang Gaoqiang EM Active Liquid cannot be used at the same time as fungicides.