How to fertilize oats scientifically? A detailed technical Q&A
What are the symptoms of boron deficiency in rapeseed? How should boron fertilizer be applied?
Answer: Boron is one of the essential trace elements for the normal growth and development of rapeseed. Rapeseed has a relatively high demand for boron and is also quite sensitive to it. When boron is deficient at the seedling stage, root development is poor, with very few fine roots, branch roots, and root hairs, the root crown becomes swollen, and young leaves lack chlorophyll, turn brown, and may even scorch and drop off. When boron is deficient at the bud and bolting stage, the leaves are dark green and wrinkled, the veins and nearby tissues turn yellow, purple patches appear, and the leaves drop early. At the flowering stage, the flower buds at the top of the inflorescence fade from green to yellow, shrink until they dry up and drop, the petals wrinkle, the pods do not swell or become deformed, the ovules shrink and cannot develop into normal seeds, the axillary buds sprout, and flowering continues repeatedly. The final result of boron deficiency in rapeseed is "shrunken and unfilled" or "flowers but no seed."
Methods of applying boron fertilizer to rapeseed: Apply 0.3-0.5 kg of borax per mu as a base fertilizer mixed evenly with organic fertilizer. When transplanting, dipping the roots in a 0.2% borax solution also gives a fairly good yield increase. A more convenient method of boron application is foliar spraying. For boron spraying in the seedbed, 2 days before transplanting, spray 50 kg of a 0.1%-0.2% borax aqueous solution per mu of seedbed. For boron spraying in the main field, spray once each at the seedling stage, bolting stage, and early flowering stage, using 50 g of borax mixed with 50 kg of water per mu each time to spray the leaves. Note that borax is soluble in hot water, so when preparing the solution it must first be dissolved in hot water and then diluted to the spraying concentration. Because the margin between the normal boron requirement of rapeseed and the toxic dose is very small, boron application must not be excessive, otherwise toxicity is likely to occur.
What are the fertilizer requirements and fertilizer requirement patterns of @#@245@#@?
Answer: Wheat in our province is generally sown in mid-to-late October, and its growth period is relatively long, generally requiring 210-230 days from sowing to maturity. Wheat is a crop with a relatively high fertilizer demand. According to analysis, under ordinary cultivation conditions, for every 100 kg of wheat produced, about 3 kg of nitrogen, 1-1.5 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 2-4 kg of potassium oxide need to be absorbed from the soil. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is about 3:1:3. The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium absorbed by wheat varies with variety characteristics, cultivation techniques, soil, climate, and so on. The higher the yield requirement, the greater the total amount of nutrients absorbed. At different growth stages, the amount and proportion of nutrients absorbed by wheat are different. Wheat has two peaks in nitrogen absorption: first, at the stage from emergence to jointing (in the north, passing through the overwintering stage and the greening stage), about 40% of the total nitrogen is absorbed; second, at the stage from jointing to booting and flowering, 30%-40% of the total nitrogen is absorbed, and a small amount is still absorbed after flowering. As for the absorption of phosphorus and potassium by wheat, about 30% of the total absorption occurs at the tillering stage, and after jointing the absorption rate increases sharply. Phosphorus absorption is greatest from booting to maturity, accounting for about 40% of the total absorption. Potassium absorption is greatest from jointing to booting and flowering, accounting for about 60% of the total absorption, and by flowering the absorption of potassium has reached its maximum. Therefore, at the wheat seedling stage, there should be an appropriate amount of nitrogen nutrition and a certain amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote early tillering and early root development of the seedlings and cultivate strong seedlings. From jointing to flowering is the period when wheat absorbs the most nutrients in its entire life, requiring more nitrogen and potassium nutrition to consolidate tillers into spikes and promote strong stalks and more grains. After heading and flowering, sufficient nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition should be maintained to prevent premature senescence from fertilizer deficiency, promote the transformation and transport of photosynthetic products, promote full grain filling, and increase grain weight.