Detailed Explanation of Key Points for Standardized Garlic Cultivation Techniques

1. Garlic field @#@185@#@. Choose second-category fields with loose, fertile soil, abundant water, convenient drainage and irrigation, and suitable for garlic-rice rotation for garlic cultivation.

2. Careful land preparation. After the previous crop is harvested, plow while there is still moisture in the soil, or use a rotary tiller to prepare the land when the field is half-dry, making beds 2 m wide, with bed width 1.5-1.8 m, complete with three ditches, ditch depth 0.2 m, ditch width 0.3 m, and carefully prepare the land to achieve level beds, fine soil, and both drainage and irrigation capability.

3. Apply sufficient base fertilizer. Apply 50 loads of farmyard manure per mu, 75 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, spread evenly before land preparation, then plow.

4. Sow at the right time. The best local sowing time is from September 10 to 30.

5. Carefully select garlic seed and sow by grade. The main garlic varieties are the scape-producing early-maturing Chengdu Eryuezao and Jianglinzao garlic, with appropriate planting of the dual-purpose scape and bulb Jiyang garlic and Cangshan garlic. Before sowing, grade by clove size; keep large and medium cloves as seed cloves, remove sandwiched cloves, and use small cloves and sandwiched cloves as garlic sprout seed or for market, achieving graded sowing and strictly prohibiting mixed planting.

6. Seed dressing with chemicals. Before sowing, sun-dry the garlic seed for 1-2 days; one day before sowing, soak the cloves in warm water for a full day and night, changing the water 2-3 times during the process; after soaking, drain and dress the seed with 50% thiophanate-methyl plus virus A, with the amount of chemical used at 0.5-1% of the seed quantity, mix well and pile to sweat for 6 hours before sowing. After sowing, seedlings emerge 5-7 days earlier than when dry garlic cloves are sown.

7. Even and shallow sowing. Planting requirements: spacing 4 x 6 cun or 5 x 5 cun, planting about 25,000 plants per mu; when sowing, cover with soil but not too deep, preferably with the garlic tips slightly exposed; strictly prohibit deep planting.

8. Timely weed control. After sowing, ensure the garlic field remains moist, and spray herbicide within 1 week, using 120-150 ml of 50% acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate or 150-200 ml of 48% Lasso emulsifiable concentrate per mu, diluted with 60 kg of water for spraying. If weed damage still occurs after the garlic seedlings have fully emerged, spray 70 ml of Suancaoling or 24% oxyfluorfen emulsifiable concentrate per mu diluted with 60-100 kg of water.

9. Fertilizer and water management. During the seedling emergence stage, vigorous growth stage, scape emergence stage, and garlic bulb enlargement stage, combat drought when it occurs and drain waterlogging when it occurs. Apply topdressing 3 times in a timely manner; during the seedling stage, apply topdressing together with intertillage, loosening soil, and weeding; during the vigorous growth stage, apply 1,000-1,500 kg of dilute manure water per mu, plus 7 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium sulfate; during the scape-bearing stage, apply 10 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu, and apply by splashing or in furrows together with drought control and disease treatment.

10. Disease and pest control. In winter and early spring, focus on controlling leaf blight, purple blotch, viral disease (dwarf disease), and the disease transmission sources - garlic maggots and aphids; carry out focused control in fields of old epidemic areas; promptly remove diseased leaves and diseased plants when leaf blight and purple blotch are found, clear ditches and drain waterlogging; spray 50 g of 77% Kocide or 100 g of 64% Sandofan per mu diluted with 60 kg of water; in fields where garlic dwarf disease plants are found, spray 100 g of Zhibingning or virus A pesticide per mu plus 100 g of 1.8% trichlorfon crystal or 48% Lorsban emulsifiable concentrate diluted with 100-150 kg of water, and repeat spraying once or twice at intervals of 6-7 days, which gives relatively good control results.

11. Harvest at the right time. When garlic scapes show their tips and are "on sentry," spray 1 g of 920 or 2 sticks of scape-promoting agent per mu 2-3 times consecutively; during the scape emergence stage, the scapes can be fully emerged 3-6 days earlier; when the garlic scapes bend into a hook, pull them out by hand; strictly prohibit cutting the scapes, which damages garlic leaves and affects garlic bulb yield; harvest bulbs about 20 days after scape harvest; after harvesting garlic bulbs, promptly remove soil and dry in the sun, and never let them be rained on or exposed to blazing sun.