Characteristics and High-Yield Cultivation Techniques of the Rice Variety Jindao 8
The new rice variety Jindao 8 (i.e. 970006) is a conventional japonica rice variety developed by the Institute of Crop Genetics, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, through sexual hybridization using Jindao 3 (i.e. 810323) as the female parent and 79-227 as the male parent, followed by continuous years of selfing and directional selection. It was approved by the Shanxi Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2004. In 2005, it passed national approval (approval number Guoshendao 2005044).
1 Characteristics
1.1 Botanical characteristics Jindao 8 has vigorous seedlings and a well-developed root system. Plant height is 95 cm, the main stem has 15-16 leaves, the culm is tough, the leaves are erect, and the plant type is compact. After maturity, the green leaves develop reddish spots. It has a loose panicle, panicle length 18.3 cm, the flag leaf is relatively long and raised upward, and at maturity the panicle is hidden among the leaves, with a slanting curved panicle. The number of filled grains per panicle is 80-100, and the grain setting density is moderate. It has a high seed-setting rate, large grains, and relatively long grains; among common japonica rice varieties, its length-to-width ratio is relatively high. The grains are oval and yellow, with sparse short awns, and 1000-grain weight is 27.5 g. The milled rice is white.
1.2 Biological characteristics It is a medium-early japonica, medium-maturity variety with a growth period of 155 days. It has strong tillering ability and a high effective panicle rate. It is resistant (R) to seedling blast, moderately resistant (MR) to leaf blast and panicle blast, resistant to sheath blight, and slightly susceptible to bakanae disease. It is tolerant to fertilizer, resistant to lodging, tolerant to salinity and alkalinity, cold, and drought, and has wide adaptability. It has strong vitality at maturity, matures with green stalks, and does not senesce prematurely. The rice quality reaches the national Grade 2 standard for high-quality paddy, and it has good palatability.
2 Yield performance
Shanxi Province rice regional trial: the three-year average yield was 561 kg per mu, an average increase of 9.3% over the control. Production trial: the two-year average yield was 562.2 kg per mu, an average increase of 11.3% over the control (Jindao 5). In 2002, it participated in the national regional trial, with an average yield of 681.3 kg per mu, an increase of 2.1% over the control (Qiuguang), and the highest yield was 901.7 kg per mu; in 2003, it participated in the national regional trial, with an average yield of 713.4 kg per mu, an increase of 5.3% over the control, reaching an extremely significant level, and the highest yield was 985.8 kg per mu. In the 2004 production trial, the average yield was 598.3 kg per mu, an increase of 2.6% over the control (Qiuguang), ranking first; compared with varieties bred during the same period in China, its comprehensive traits were among the best.
3 Cultivation techniques
The general principle is: fully tap the production potential of the new variety, improve quality, and increase the proportion of high-quality marketable grain. In practice, measures must be adapted to local conditions, achieving stable early growth, a moderate population, a relatively low maximum tiller number, robust individual growth, green leaves in the late stage, and strong root activity, turning "autumn decline type" rice into "autumn superior type" rice.
3.1 Early sowing and early transplanting at the proper time, rational close planting, and cultivation of a high-quality population Strictly disinfect seeds, sow sparsely to raise strong seedlings, raise seedlings early and transplant early, and practice sparse planting. Rationally arrange the number of rice seedlings per unit area and their configuration to establish a high-quality population dynamic structure that fully utilizes light energy and soil fertility, which can improve maturity, lodging resistance, and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. In the Taiyuan area, transplanting is required in early to mid-May. The general transplanting density is 30 cm x 10-13 cm between rows and plants, with 2-3 seedlings per hill.
3.2 Scientific fertilization Fertilization principles: strive for stable growth, combine organic and inorganic fertilizers, use nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in combination, strictly control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and determine the amount according to the target yield. Generally, the total amount of pure nitrogen should not exceed 200 kg/ha, stable at the early stage and less at the late stage, applied in stages. Nitrogen fertilizer is applied using the ratio of basal, tillering, and panicle fertilizer of 4:5:1. Grain fertilizer is generally not applied; if rice growth is insufficient in the late stage, foliar fertilizer can be sprayed as a supplement.
3.3 Water management Irrigation adopts the "shallow-deep-shallow-intermittent moist-moist" model. During the transplanting period, shallow water is used to establish the seedlings; during the recovery period, deep water is used to protect the seedlings for about 7 days; during the tillering period, shallow irrigation is used to promote tillering, and in the middle and late tillering stages, light field drying is carried out several times (to control ineffective tillering); from young panicle differentiation to the heading stage, shallow water and intermittent moist irrigation are used, and if low temperature occurs at the booting stage, deep irrigation should be used to protect the young panicle; in the late stage, alternate wetting and drying irrigation is used to prolong the photosynthetic function of leaves. Never cut off water too early; generally, cutting off water about 10 days before harvest is appropriate, which helps improve grain filling and head rice rate.
3.4 Integrated control of diseases, insect pests, and weeds Combine chemical weeding with manual weeding, with chemical weeding as the main method and manual weeding as a supplement. For pests and diseases, adhere to the principle of prevention first and integrated control. From mid-June to early July, carry out control of the main insect pest, the striped stem borer. From early July to the initial heading stage, strengthen the control of rice blast and sheath blight.
3.5 Timely harvest Harvest and thresh rice at the yellow-ripe stage in a timely manner during clear weather. The optimal harvest period is when more than 90% of the grains have turned yellow and matured, 1/3 of the rachis has turned yellow, and only a very small portion of green grains remains at the base. Harvesting too early leads to a high proportion of green rice and affects quality; harvesting too late affects yield, causes grain shattering in the field, increases broken rice, and reduces the marketable rate. After threshing, dry and clean the grain promptly. Do not expose it to strong sunlight when drying, and be careful not to spread it too thin, especially on cement yards.
4 Adapted regions
It is suitable for planting in the late-maturing rice areas of Jilin Province, northern Liaoning, the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area, **southern Xinjiang and northern Xinjiang rice areas along the Tianshan Mountains, Shexian in Hebei, Yulin in Shaanxi, and most rice areas in Shanxi. It is also suitable for planting in japonica rice areas in Beijing, Anhui, Guizhou, Henan, and other provinces.