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Detailed Explanation of Key Techniques for Super-High-Yield Cultivation of Double-Season Rice in South China

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(1) Sow at the right time and cultivate strong seedlings. For early rice, use dry-raised seedlings, with a seeding rate generally of 90 g/m2 and a sowing period in mid-to-late March; for late rice, use sparse sowing for strong seedlings or two-stage seedling raising, with a seed rate of about 1.0 kg per mu. (2) Ridge and bed cultivation. Bed width 3-4 m, ditch width 0.2-0.25 m, and open surrounding ditches well to facilitate water management and field operation management. (3) Wide-row close planting. The planting density is 30-40 hills/sq m, with a row spacing of about 25 cm. Generally, early rice has 3-4 seedlings per hill, and late rice is transplanted as single seedlings or double seedlings, ensuring

(1) Sow at the right time and cultivate strong seedlings. For early rice, use dry-raised seedlings, with a seeding rate generally of 90 g/m2 and a sowing period in mid-to-late March; for late rice, use sparse sowing for strong seedlings or two-stage seedling raising, with a seed rate of about 1.0 kg per mu.

(2) Ridge and bed cultivation. Bed width 3-4 m, ditch width 0.2-0.25 m, and open surrounding ditches well to facilitate water management and field operation management.

(3) Wide-row close planting. The planting density is 30-40 hills/sq m, with a row spacing of about 25 cm. Generally, early rice has 3-4 seedlings per hill, and late rice is transplanted as single seedlings or double seedlings, ensuring 6-8 stems and tillers per hill.

(4) Aerobic irrigation to promote roots and tillering. Throughout the entire rice growth period, except for shallow-water irrigation during moisture-sensitive stages and when applying pesticides and fertilizers, irrigation is generally mainly no-water-layer or moist irrigation to promote root growth and enhance root activity. When the number of stems and tillers reaches about 90% of the target productive tiller number, begin multiple rounds of field drying to control the peak tiller number. In the late growth stage, use alternating wet and dry conditions to coordinate the root system's demand for water and air until maturity.

(5) Precise fertilization to improve fertilizer use efficiency. During the main field period, generally apply 12-15 kg of pure nitrogen, 7.5-10 kg of potassium oxide, and 5-6 kg of phosphorus pentoxide per mu. Among these, base fertilizer should account for 50% of the total nitrogen fertilizer amount, tillering fertilizer should account for about 35% of the total nitrogen fertilizer amount, and the rest should be used as panicle fertilizer. Apply an appropriate proportion of organic fertilizer, generally 50 kg of cake fertilizer or 750-1000 kg of farmyard manure per mu.

(6) Integrated control of diseases, insect pests, and weeds. During the seedling field period, focus on controlling rice thrips, and bring seedlings to the field with pesticide applied; during the main field period, focus on controlling the striped stem borer, rice leaf roller, and rice planthopper.

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