Characteristics and High-Yield Cultivation Techniques of the Hybrid Japonica Rice Jialeyou No. 2
Jialeyou No. 2 is a new three-line dense-panicle-type hybrid medium-maturing late japonica rice combination bred by the Agricultural Science Institute of Xiuzhou District, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, by crossing the self-bred BT-type male sterile line 151A with the restorer line DH902. It is a rising star among hybrid japonica rice varieties. Compared with local conventional main varieties, it shows strong tillering ability, tolerance to fertilizer and resistance to lodging, large panicles with many grains, a relatively high seed-setting rate, medium maturity, and relatively high yield. It is suitable for single-season rice cultivation in the Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai regions and is a major variety to be promoted in this area.
1 Yield Performance
In 2003, it participated in the Jiaxing municipal regional trial, with an average yield of 8565 kg/hectare, an increase of 8.62% over the control Xiushui 63. In 2004, it participated in the Jiaxing municipal regional trial, with an average yield of 9346.5 kg/hectare, an increase of 12.02% over the control Xiushui 63. In 2004, as part of the "650" project of the Zhejiang Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Foundation, it was introduced to Luoxi Village, Xincheng Town, Xiuzhou District, for cultivation as single-season late rice. After actual harvesting and acceptance by provincial and municipal experts, the average yield reached 10005 kg/hectare. In February 2005, it passed variety approval in Zhejiang Province. In 2006, it was introduced to Zhouquan Town, Tongxiang City, for cultivation, with an average yield of 10030.5 kg/hectare, an increase of 1405.5 kg/hectare over local conventional late rice (the town's average late rice yield per unit area in 2006 was 8625 kg/hectare). It showed large panicles, high resistance and high yield, and was well received by farmers.
2 Characteristics
2.1 Growth Period The whole growth period is about 170 d. Sowing in mid-May, transplanting in mid-June, full heading on September 4-5, and maturity at the end of October. The heading stage is 1 d later than Xiushui 63, and the maturity stage is 2 d later.
2.2 Plant Morphology and Panicle-Grain Structure This combination has green leaves, upright plant and leaves, and strong tillering.
The stems are thick and sturdy, the plant is relatively short, the panicles are large with many grains, the panicle type is relatively large, the grains have short awns, the seed-setting rate is relatively good, the 1000-grain weight is high, the grain-filling speed is fast, it is tolerant to fertilizer and resistant to lodging, the late-stage ripening color is clean and attractive, and the cold tolerance and color transition are relatively good. In the regional trial, the average plant height was 100.6 cm, the effective panicles were 2.505 million/hectare, the total grains per panicle were 184.2, the seed-setting rate was 81.8%, and the 1000-grain weight was 26.3 g.
2.3 Grain Quality The grain quality is excellent, the appearance is transparent, and the eating quality is good. According to testing by the Rice Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, among 12 grain quality indicators, 9 reached the grade 1 rice standard, and the transparency reached the grade 2 standard.
2.4 Resistance It has strong resistance. According to resistance identification by the Institute of Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, it is resistant to rice blast and moderately resistant to bacterial leaf blight, and its rice blast resistance is significantly better than that of Xiushui 63.
3 Main High-Yield Cultivation Techniques
The high-yield cultivation techniques for Jialeyou No. 2 differ from those for conventional main varieties. In cultivation measures, it is necessary to give full play to its heterosis and focus on "three reductions, one expansion, two improvements", namely reducing the seeding rate in the seedling bed, reducing the seed rate for the field, and appropriately reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied; expanding the row and plant spacing; improving the nitrogen fertilizer application method, and improving field water management. The goal is to "stabilize the number of panicles, strive for large panicles, achieve high seed setting, seek high grain weight, prevent premature senescence, and strive for high yield".
3.1 Timely Sowing and Transplanting, Cultivating Strong Seedlings Achieve timely early sowing and short-age early transplanting to facilitate early development and high yield. For cultivation as single-season late rice, sow from May 10-15, with a seedling age of 25-30 d, a seeding rate in the seedling bed of 150-225 kg/hectare, and a field seed rate of about 15-18.75 kg/hectare. Transplant in mid-June.
3.2 Reasonable Close Planting and Coordinated Population Jialeyou No. 2 has strong tillering and a low seed rate, and its panicle-grain structure is mainly based on large panicles. Therefore, in cultivation, it should be appropriately sparsely planted to reduce the starting seedling population of the population, laying a foundation for stabilizing the number of panicles and striving for large panicles. Use wide-narrow row planting, with a row and plant spacing of 260 m x 160 m. Plant about 225,000 hills/hectare; single-plant transplanting, with 600,000-900,000 hills after planting, controlling the maximum number of tillers at 3.75 million, and achieving about 2.25 million effective panicles/hectare.
3.3 Scientific Fertilization, Reducing Nitrogen and Increasing Potassium Increase the application of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, appropriately control and reduce the total amount of nitrogen chemical fertilizer and reduce the level of nitrogen use in the later stage. Generally, it is required to apply 112.5-150 kg/hectare of organic fertilizer, 150 kg/hectare of potassium fertilizer, and about 225 kg/hectare of nitrogen chemical fertilizer converted to pure nitrogen. The application ratio of base fertilizer, seedling fertilizer, stem-strengthening fertilizer and panicle fertilizer is preferably the "promote early and stabilize late method" of 3:4:2:1, and the panicle fertilizer is applied in early August as a promoting fertilizer.
3.4 Shallow Water, Exposure, Sun-drying and Activation, Scientific Water Management Achieve shallow-water transplanting, full-water protection of seedlings, timely field exposure after green-up to promote rooting, thin water to promote tillering, and when the number of tillers reaches 2.7-3 million/hectare, carry out light sun-drying of the field in stages, with heavy sun-drying at the late tillering stage. Maintain a thin water layer from booting to heading. After full heading, irrigate with living water in thin layers, and cut off water about 7 d before harvest to prevent cutting off water too early, achieving green stems and yellow ripening.
3.5 Pest and Disease Control, High Quality and High Yield Jialeyou No. 2 has tender green growth at the seedling stage and vigorous growth in the field stage. Therefore, it is necessary to timely control pests and diseases such as rice thrips at the seedling stage and leaf rollers, stem borers, sheath blight in the field, and rice false smut at the heading stage, and pay attention to weed control. At the same time, apply pesticides scientifically and reasonably to achieve high quality and high yield, and a bumper harvest.