Key Technical Points for No-Till Planting with Rice Straw Return

No-till technology with rice straw return refers to a simple planting method in which, after the rice harvest, the rice straw is spread evenly over the field, no plowing is done, and only chemical weed control is carried out before sowing @#@245@#@. This technology was successfully developed in May 2000 through dedicated experimental research by the Chengdu Second Institute of Agricultural Sciences. The no-till wheat planting technology with rice straw return fully combines the advantages of straw return, no-till, and broadcasting, and scientifically assembles them into a complete new technology package, which has not yet been formally reported at home or abroad. Experimental research shows that this comprehensive supporting technology not only increases income, saves costs, and improves efficiency, but also has extremely significant social, economic, and ecological benefits. In the 1999 trial, the wheat yield was 355.31 kg per mu, an increase of 11.37 kg per mu compared with the conventional cultivation method in the same field, an increase rate of 3.3%, and it saved about 80 yuan per mu in input. The success of this technology can not only increase soil organic nutrients, reduce chemical fertilizer pollution, protect soil aggregate structure, facilitate the smooth movement of water, fertilizer, and air in the soil, and reduce aboveground and underground diseases of plants; it also greatly accelerates planting progress and reduces labor intensity; at the same time, it avoids environmental pollution caused by burning straw and finds a new way out for straw reuse, suitable for the needs of modern technology, and is an advanced technology with low cost and great efficiency. The key technical points of our implementation of no-till broadcasting wheat technology with rice straw return are introduced below:

(1) Land preparation and weed control After the rice harvest, spread all the straw evenly over the whole field and let it be exposed to sun and rain. Seven days before sowing, make beds 5 m wide and prepare perimeter ditches, with a ditch width of 30 cm and a ditch depth of 30 cm. Be sure to make the field surface level to facilitate later irrigation and drainage. At the same time, use 0.25 kg of gramoxone per mu for chemical weed control.

(2) Fertilization One to two days before sowing, adopt the method of applying all base fertilizer at once, using 12 kg of pure nitrogen, 10 kg of calcium superphosphate, and 10 kg of potassium oxide per mu. Apply evenly and avoid application during high-temperature periods.

(3) Fine sowing The sowing period should be 2-3 days earlier than the local usual time. In the two-crop fields of the Chengdu Plain, sowing is generally carried out around October 30, using 10-20 kg of selected good seed per mu. Soak the seed in a plant nutrient solution such as "Huolisu" at 500 times dilution, then dry it in the shade, and broadcast it evenly in measured quantities by bed, then pour enough manure water. In areas with good conditions, after sowing, irrigate with running water 1-2 times to preserve moisture for emergence. At the same time, pay attention to preventing rodent damage.

(4) Field management After sowing, the quality of emergence mainly depends on field moisture, so water management must be strengthened and moisture preservation must be emphasized. After the seedlings are uniform and reach the two-leaf-one-heart stage, according to the local weed situation, choose an appropriate herbicide for one weed control application at the seedling stage, such as using 5 g of 75% starane per mu mixed with 50 kg of water for spraying. At the same time, use 150 g of 75% paclobutrazol per mu mixed with 75 kg of water for spraying, so that the seedlings are short, strong, and tiller more. Before jointing, apply 25 g of wheat vigor agent per mu to promote thicker stems and enhance lodging resistance. At the booting stage, spray 0.5 kg of monopotassium phosphate, which can also be used together with other nutrients, to improve the seed-setting rate. Timely use 100 g of 50% triadimefon per mu to prevent rust disease, and at the heading and flowering stage use 100 g of 75% thiophanate-methyl per mu to control fusarium head blight.

(5) Timely harvest When the wheat is 90% mature, harvest promptly on a sunny day, dry it lightly and slowly, and then store it to ensure quality.