What are the new techniques for summer rice breeding? Key points explained in one article

Summer rice seedling-raising techniques are very important, as the quality of the seedlings directly affects the growth and yield of rice in the field.

1. Select varieties. New rice varieties suitable for local growth should be selected that show good performance in traits such as strong seedling-stage growth, relatively strong tillering, a relatively short growth period, high yield, good glutinous rice quality, white color, and a strong aroma. In the Haiyang area, the main variety suitable for planting is glutinous rice Yizhixiang.

2. Seedbed selection. Plots should be selected that are flat, fertile, easy to manage, and convenient for irrigation and drainage. Seedling raising and planting should be carried out at a ratio of 1:25 between the seedling field and the summer rice area.

3. Prepare the beds and apply fertilizer. In early spring, apply 3000-5000 kg of farmyard manure per 667 sq m (1 mu), and plow to a depth of 15-20 cm without harrowing. In late April, harrow and level the land in preparation for making beds. The beds should be 10-15 cm high and 100 cm or 130 cm wide, with no limit on length. After making the beds, apply 50-80 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per 667 sq m, spread it evenly over the bed surface, then rake the bed surface level in preparation for seedling raising.

4. Seed treatment. Before raising seedlings, sun-dry the seeds for 1-2 days, then soak them in a 600-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim for 8-10 hours. Remove the rice seeds, rinse once with clean water, then soak again in clean water for 48 hours, and air-dry for 2-3 hours before use.

5. Sow at the right time. Sow in early May, 10-15 days later than the sowing time for spring-transplanted rice. In the morning, flood the prepared seedling land with water so that the water covers the bed surface, and let it sun for 3-4 hours. Generally at 2 p.m., rake the flooded bed surface again so that the bed surface in the same plot is level. Then drain the water from the seedling field, evenly scatter the treated rice seeds over the bed surface at a rate of 0.15 kg of dry seed per sq m, then gently press the seeds into the soil with a wooden peg or iron rake, with a depth of 3 cm being suitable. Then cover with polyethylene plastic film of 0.006 mm thickness and 100-130 cm width produced by a regular manufacturer, stretch the film flat and close to the bed surface without pulling it tight, and use mud from the bed furrows to press down the edges of the film all around, to prevent wind from damaging the film and affecting the uniformity of seedling emergence.

6. Seedling field management. First, remove the film at the right time: do not water during the period when the seedling field is covered with film. After about 7 days, the seeds break through the soil and push up the film. Under normal circumstances, after the seedlings grow 2-3 leaves (2 leaves and 1 heart) inside the film in 10-15 days, flood the seedling field with a large amount of water in the morning, roll up the film, and the water may cover the seedlings. Second, topdress at the right time: after removing the film, evenly scatter 10 kg of high-nitrogen, high-potassium compound fertilizer per 667 sq m of seedlings. After that, irrigate once every 5-7 days, with the water level preferably not exceeding the seedling heart, and topdress once every 15-20 days. When the seedlings grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, they can be transplanted into the field. Because summer rice seedling raising is late and temperatures are high, attention should be paid to controlling water and fertilizer and preventing disease during seedling growth, so as to avoid old or diseased seedlings. Apply seedling-lifting fertilizer well 7-10 days before field transplanting, applying 7.5 kg of urea per 667 sq m.

7. Disease control. Spray the seedlings with a 500-800-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim to control leaf rust, leaf spot, and rice blast, ensuring seedling quality.