Detailed Cultivation Techniques for Zhengmai 9023 Wheat

Zhengmai 9023 (formerly named Zhengzhou 9023) was bred by the High-Yield Breeding Research Office of the @#@245@#@ Research Institute of the Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and was approved by the Jiangsu Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in September 2002.

Main characteristics

Zhengmai 9023 is weak-spring type, with seedlings that tend to be upright, dark green leaf color, broad leaves, strong seedlings, medium tillering ability, and a relatively high spike-forming rate, generally forming about 350,000 spikes per 667 sq m. The plant type is compact with good ventilation and light penetration, plant height 80--85 cm, stems thick and strong with good elasticity, and strong lodging resistance. The spike is spindle-shaped with good seed-setting, 30--35 grains per spike. Long awns, white glumes, white kernels, vitreous, 1000-grain weight 45--47 g, good plumpness, and excellent market quality. Fast grain filling, early maturity when late-sown, maturing about 3 days earlier than Yumai 18, with uniform spike layers and good late-season appearance.

According to quality testing by the Ministry of Agriculture's quality supervision, inspection and testing agency, the vitreous rate exceeds 90%, crude protein content 15.2%, wet gluten content 35.7%, sedimentation value 55.2 ml, dough development time 10.5 min, dough stability time 19.9 min. The quality indicators exceed the national standard first-class standard for strong-gluten high-quality wheat varieties; in particular, gluten strength is relatively high, giving high milling added value. Comprehensive resistance is relatively good, with strong waterlogging tolerance, fertilizer tolerance and lodging resistance. According to identification by the Plant Protection Institute of the Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Plant Protection Institute of the Shaanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, it is highly resistant to fusarium head blight, belonging to the resistance-extension type, highly resistant to wheat spindle streak mosaic virus disease, moderately resistant to leaf blight, leaf rust and stripe rust, and lightly affected by sheath blight.

High-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques

Sow at the right time and cultivate strong seedlings. Zhengmai 9023 is early-maturing and weak-spring type. In the northern Jiangsu area, the suitable sowing period is from October 20 to early November, and sowing too early should be avoided. Because this variety is a medium-spike, large-grain type with medium tillering ability, the basic seedling number needs to be appropriately increased; the sowing rate per 667 sq m is preferably 9--10 kg, with about 150,000 basic seedlings. Prepare the land finely, sun the seed on sunny days, treat seed with chemicals, ensure uniform seed drop, and eliminate the "three seeds" (deep, exposed and clustered seeds). In case of drought, sow by capturing soil moisture or irrigate promptly to strive for early and full seedlings. Around the three-leaf-one-heart stage, spray 30--40 g of 15% paclobutrazol per 667 sq m with an appropriate amount of water to promote roots and increase tillers, enhance resistance, and ensure strong seedlings overwinter.

Reasonably manage fertilizer and water to balance high yield and high quality. This variety is fertilizer-tolerant and lodging-resistant, and is suitable for planting under medium-to-upper fertility conditions. It requires 18--20 kg of pure nitrogen, 7--8 kg of p2o5, and 8--9 kg of k2o, and based on the fertilizer requirements of this variety at different stages and the characteristics that nitrogen is easily absorbed, phosphorus is easily fixed, and potassium is easily mobile, fertilizers should be reasonably managed according to the principle of "apply sufficient base fertilizer, eliminate winter and twelfth-month fertilizer, control green-turning fertilizer, and heavily apply jointing-booting fertilizer" to improve and regulate population quality at each growth stage and achieve both high yield and high quality.

Weed control. Hongze County in Jiangsu is a rice-wheat double-cropping area, and the main weeds in wheat fields are mainly Alopecurus aequalis, wild oat, Galium aparine, Vicia sativa, shepherd's purse, and so on. Per 667 sq m, mix 60 ml of 20% fluroxypyr + 125 ml of 20% MCPA with 50--60 kg of water and spray from the 3-leaf stage of wheat seedlings to before jointing to control Galium aparine, Vicia sativa, shepherd's purse, and so on; per 667 sq m, use 30 ml of 10% fenoxaprop-p-ethyl with 50 kg of water after wheat emergence, from the 2-leaf stage of weeds to the tillering stage, to control Alopecurus aequalis, wild oat, and so on. When chemically controlling weeds, choose the appropriate timing, advocate "control early, control small, mainly in winter, supplemented in spring," and when applying chemicals ensure uniform mixing of chemical and water, uniform spraying, accurate application timing, accurate dosage, and accurate application area, so as to improve control effectiveness and avoid phytotoxicity.

Prevent and control pests and diseases. Pest and disease control should adhere to "prevention first, integrated control." Per 667 sq m, use 8 g of the active ingredient of triadimefon and spray with an appropriate amount of water at the jointing-booting stage of wheat seedlings to prevent powdery mildew and stripe rust; in rainy years, pay attention to controlling sheath blight. Strengthen monitoring and forecasting of pests such as wheat aphid, armyworm, and wheat spider, and once the control threshold is reached, apply chemicals immediately. At the same time, promptly clear ditches and manage soil moisture, achieve a complete ditch system, ensure smooth field drainage, reduce field humidity, and improve the field microclimate, so as to help control the occurrence of diseases.