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Methods for Site Selection and Land Preparation for Angelica sinensis Cultivation

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1. Seedbed site: According to the growth habits of Angelica sinensis seedlings, choose a plot surrounded by mountains on all sides, with loose, fertile soil, high humus content, sheltered from the wind, with short sunlight duration, and cool and moist conditions for raising seedlings. Angelica sinensis seeds are small, and the young sprouts have weak soil-breaking strength, so fine land preparation is required to ensure normal emergence. Plow the land in the previous year to allow the soil to fully weather, or plow in April to May of the current year, preferably three times. The first and second plowing should be 24-30 cm deep, and the third shallow plowing 9-15 cm. Dry and burn the weeds, spread them out and plow them into the soil, pick out all stones and unburned weeds, break up clods, level the ground, and then apply 5000 kg of farmyard manure per mu as base fertilizer. Then level and make beds along the mountain contour, with a bed width of 100-120 cm and a bed height of about 25 cm. Dig drainage ditches around the perimeter to facilitate drainage, with a ditch width of 18-24 cm and a depth of 15 cm. Raising seedlings under such conditions results in dense plant growth, mutual shading, leaves growing upward, less sugar accumulated through photosynthesis, more nitrogen absorbed from the soil, and a low bolting and flowering rate. If a site with abundant sunlight and dry, barren soil is chosen for seedling raising, even with sufficient manure and fine land preparation, the strong sunlight and dry soil will result in fewer seedlings emerging, leaves spreading flat, a large nutritional area for plants, high sugar accumulation through photosynthesis, drier soil, less nitrogen absorbed from the soil, and consequently a higher bolting and flowering rate. This should be given serious attention.

1. Seedbed site: According to the growth habits of Angelica sinensis seedlings, choose a plot surrounded by mountains on all sides, with loose, fertile soil, high humus content, sheltered from the wind, with short sunlight duration, and cool and moist conditions for raising seedlings. Angelica sinensis seeds are small, and the young sprouts have weak soil-breaking strength, so fine land preparation is required to ensure normal emergence. Plow the land in the previous year to allow the soil to fully weather, or plow in April to May of the current year, preferably three times. The first and second plowing should be 24-30 cm deep, and the third shallow plowing 9-15 cm. Dry and burn the weeds, spread them out and plow them into the soil, pick out all stones and unburned weeds, break up clods, level the ground, and then apply 5000 kg of farmyard manure per mu as base fertilizer. Then level and make beds along the mountain contour, with a bed width of 100-120 cm and a bed height of about 25 cm. Dig drainage ditches around the perimeter to facilitate drainage, with a ditch width of 18-24 cm and a depth of 15 cm. Raising seedlings under such conditions results in dense plant growth, mutual shading, leaves growing upward, less sugar accumulated through photosynthesis, more nitrogen absorbed from the soil, and a low bolting and flowering rate. If a site with abundant sunlight and dry, barren soil is chosen for seedling raising, even with sufficient manure and fine land preparation, the strong sunlight and dry soil will result in fewer seedlings emerging, leaves spreading flat, a large nutritional area for plants, high sugar accumulation through photosynthesis, drier soil, less nitrogen absorbed from the soil, and consequently a higher bolting and flowering rate. This should be given serious attention.

2. Planting (transplanting) site

Angelica sinensis is a deep-rooted crop with relatively deep soil penetration, prefers fertilizer, fears waterlogging, and avoids continuous cropping. For the transplanting site, choose well-cultivated land with deep, loose and fertile soil, high humus content, and good drainage. After the previous crop is harvested, plow shallowly in time to allow the soil to weather. Newly reclaimed wasteland should be planted with crops for one year before planting Angelica sinensis. Before planting, plow and harrow twice more, and apply 4000-5000 kg of decomposed stable manure, 100 kg of oil residue, 0.2 kg of ammonium molybdate, and 2 kg of manganese sulfate per mu. If conditions permit, carry out one winter irrigation, and plow and harrow once more in the following spring. After plowing, harrow finely, and make high beds 30 cm high, 1.5-2.0 m wide, with a bed spacing of 30-40 cm along the slope, or make high ridges 40-50 cm wide and 25 cm high.

In the second year of growth, Angelica sinensis requires higher temperatures and sufficient sunlight than during the seedling stage, and sunny slopes are better than shady slopes. Angelica sinensis is not suitable for continuous cropping. Suitable previous crops include @#@245@#@, rapeseed, corn, tobacco, and green manure, but it should not be rotated with potatoes or legumes. If continuous cropping is unavoidable, more organic fertilizer must be applied and topdressing must be done well, and fungicides and insecticides must be used for soil treatment.

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