Cultivation and Management Techniques for Triticale and Rye in Shunyi

Triticale and rye belong to the grass family (Poaceae) as forage crops, and are recognized both domestically and internationally as high-quality feed crops for herbivores. Harvesting at the end of May can solve the problem of insufficient green feed in spring, with fresh grass yield reaching 2000-2500 kg per mu. Our district has been planting them for 3 years and has selected several excellent varieties, among which triticale varieties are 1890 and Fan 3, and the rye variety is Wintergrazer 70. Their cultivation techniques are basically similar to traditional winter@#@245@#@. The main cultivation technique points are as follows:

1. Pre-sowing seed treatment: First ensure seed quality, sun the seeds 2-3 days before sowing, and seeds should be coated or dressed to reduce damage from underground pests.

2. Sowing: A wheat seeder can be used for sowing.

3. Sowing date: The optimal sowing period is from September 20 to October 5.

4. Seeding rate: Triticale should be controlled at about 10 kg per mu, and rye should be controlled within the range of 5-7 kg per mu.

5. Fertilization: Apply sufficient base fertilizer before sowing. A wheat-specific compound fertilizer can be used, at a rate of 50-60 kg per mu. To prevent lodging later, whether to apply topdressing in spring can be decided based on the current seedling condition. If the seedlings are strong, it may not be applied; if the seedlings are weak, urea can be appropriately applied at 5-10 kg per mu.

6. Watering: Water thoroughly for winter protection in late November to ensure normal overwintering of triticale and rye. Irrigate once during the green-up stage. During the stem elongation stage and jointing stage, control should be the main focus to prevent excessively rapid growth and an overly large population, which can cause severe lodging later.

7. Timely harvest: If used for green feed, it can be cut green at any time after the jointing stage and used directly for feeding; if used for silage, in order to ensure silage quality, harvesting should begin 5-10 days after flowering, and the crop is most suitable for silage when plant moisture content is 65-70%; if making hay, harvest can be done during the grain-filling stage after flowering on a good-weather day, drying and baling in place, and it must not encounter rain, so as to prevent damage to forage quality.