What are the key points of high-yield cultivation techniques for reishi mushroom?

Reishi mushroom is also known as the herb of immortality or the immortal herb. It is a precious large medicinal fungus, whose fruiting bodies and spores are used for medicinal purposes. It has the effects of nourishing and strengthening the body and prolonging life. Clinically, it can treat neurasthenia, chronic bronchitis, stomach diseases, liver diseases, high blood pressure, diabetes, coronary heart disease and many other ailments. When used as an adjunct in tumor treatment, it can reduce the side effects caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Regular consumption of reishi mushroom spore powder can significantly improve the body's disease resistance, enhance immunity, and reduce the probability of illness. Therefore, cultivating, researching, and developing reishi mushroom products is a very meaningful undertaking that benefits society and improves and raises the level of people's health. The following is an introduction to artificial high-yield reishi mushroom cultivation techniques, in the hope of achieving shared prosperity. 1. Building a reishi mushroom shed: The cultivation models adopt three methods: indoor shelf structure, converting a shiitake mushroom shed into a reishi mushroom shed, and building a reishi mushroom shed. Building a reasonable reishi mushroom shed is an important factor in achieving high yields of reishi mushroom. According to the biological characteristics of reishi mushroom, choose a reishi mushroom greenhouse that is warm, moisture-retaining, well ventilated, has appropriate light, drains smoothly, and is convenient for management and operation. The ground of the reishi mushroom shed is required to be clean, and the walls smooth and moisture-resistant. The size of the reishi mushroom shed should be determined by the amount of substrate. It is most suitable to build the reishi mushroom shed in a shaded area with trees in front of or behind the house in the village and close to a water source. Before the substrate enters the shed, it must be strictly disinfected. For every cubic meter of space, use 5 milliliters of formaldehyde and 10 grams of potassium permanganate for sealed fumigation for 24 hours before use. Sheds can be built for cultivation throughout the country in both urban and rural areas. In North China and the Huang-Huai region, natural temperature can be used for cultivation. For spring planting, April to May is best, and for summer planting, September to October is best. 2. Selection of cultivation substrate formulas: During its growth and development, reishi mushroom requires various nutrients, and the by-products and residues of agricultural products are abundant in all regions. Local materials can be used according to local conditions, and a formula suitable for the local area can be selected. 1. Cottonseed hulls 77%, bran 10%, cornmeal 10%, sugar, phosphate fertilizer and gypsum 1% each. 2. Cottonseed hulls 89%, bran 10%, gypsum 1%. 3. Sawdust 70%, bran 25%, soybean powder 2%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, gypsum 1.5% and sugar 0.5%. 4. Cottonseed hulls 79%, cornmeal 20%, gypsum powder 1%. 5. Corncobs 50%, mixed sawdust 35%, bran 15%. 3. Preparation of cultivation substrate: When preparing the cultivation substrate, first mix the cottonseed hulls, sawdust, bran, gypsum powder and other materials evenly. The water content should be 60%-65%. When squeezed tightly by hand, it is best if the mixture forms a ball with water seeming about to drip but not dripping from the gaps between the fingers. After the substrate is mixed, it can be bagged with a bagging machine. The plastic bag specifications can be polypropylene or polyethylene tube bags of 15 cm x 35 cm or 17 cm x 33 cm, with 400 g-450 g of dry material per bag. Polyethylene bags are sterilized under normal pressure for 10 hours-12 hours, while polypropylene plastic bags are sterilized under high pressure and kept for 2 hours. When the substrate cools to below 30°C, inoculation is carried out in a sterile room. Generally, one bottle of wheat grain mother culture can inoculate 40 bags-45 bags of substrate, and one bottle of cottonseed hull cultivation spawn can inoculate 25 bags-35 bags of substrate. Move the inoculated spawn bags into a disinfected culture room, arrange them in layers. Generally, each row is 6 layers-8 layers high, and walkways are left between the racks. Turn them upside down once a week. First, to balance the temperature; second, to increase oxygen inside the bags through turning so that mycelium grows faster; third, to check whether there is green mold or other contaminating fungi, and remove them if present. 4. Management techniques: Reishi mushroom is a thermophilic fungus and requires relatively high temperatures during growth and development. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth is 26°C-28°C. The fruiting bodies grow best between 24°C-28°C, and below 18°C the fruiting bodies cannot develop normally. 1. Mycelial growth stage: During the mycelial growth period, keep the culture room at 22°C-30°C, with relative air humidity of 50%-60%, ventilate for half an hour every day, and turn the spawn bags upside down once every 5 days-7 days. When the mycelium has grown over 2/3, move them into the cultivation shed, loosen the bag openings, and gently lift with the hand, leaving a small gap. Diffused light in the shed is suitable, avoiding direct strong light. Generally after about 25 days-32 days, the mycelium can fully cover the substrate bags. For individual bags where mycelial development is uneven, they can be selected and placed separately. 2. Management during fruiting: After the mycelium has fully grown, use a blade to cut circular openings about the size of a 5-fen coin at both ends to facilitate fruiting. During fruiting, keep the shed temperature at 26°C-30°C, raise the relative air humidity to 90-95%, and provide diffused light and sufficient oxygen. Keep a shallow water layer on the ground, and spray water on the walls around and into the space 3 times-4 times a day. Open the door and ventilation openings for air exchange before 8 a.m. and after 4 p.m. every day. When the temperature is low, ventilate and exchange air from 12 noon to 14:00. The primordium enlarges for 3 days-5 days and gradually forms a cap. Increase water spraying to maintain moisture, and spray water to control temperature when it is too high. Poor ventilation easily produces deformed mushrooms, and deformed buds should be cut off promptly. When the cap changes from white to light yellow to yellow to reddish brown, the white edge of the cap basically disappears, the edge turns red, the cap begins to become leathery, and reddish-brown mist-like spores are discharged from the underside, it indicates that the reishi mushroom fruiting body has matured and can be harvested promptly (generally 40 days-45 days are needed from cutting the opening to harvest). 3. Harvesting and post-harvest management: Stop watering one week before harvesting reishi mushroom, close the ventilation openings, and lay plastic film on the ground of the walkways so that the released spore powder can be collected. When harvesting reishi mushroom, cut it off from the base of the stipe with scissors or gently pick it by hand. If conditions permit, dry it by oven drying or sun drying to a water content of 12%, then bag it and store it in a dry room or sell it. After harvesting reishi mushroom, remove the old mycelial skin at the opening of the substrate bags, rearrange the culture bags in the shed, raise the humidity to 90-95%, and keep the temperature still above 28°C. After one week, fruiting bodies can continue to grow from the original stipe. Following the cultivation and management methods of the previous stage, the second flush of reishi mushroom can be harvested after about 25 days-30 days, and generally 3 flushes-4 flushes can be harvested. Each kilogram of dry material can produce 130 g-150 g of finished dry reishi mushroom. Generally, by building a 25 sq m reishi mushroom shed, 1000 kg of finished dry reishi mushroom can be harvested, @#@136@#@ with income of 20,000 yuan-50,000 yuan. After harvest, remove the plastic bags from the cultivation substrate, crush it, and apply it as soil fertilizer.