Harm and Control Methods of Drosophila melanogaster on Ganoderma lucidum
Drosophila melanogaster belongs to the order Diptera, family Drosophilidae. It is mainly distributed in the southern provinces of China, where it damages edible fungi such as Ganoderma lucidum, wood ear fungus and silver ear fungus, causing serious damage.
Damage characteristics: the larvae of Drosophila melanogaster feed on Ganoderma lucidum mycelium and the growing substrate, causing the substrate to become waterlogged and rot, which can lead to bacterial invasion. The adults can carry molds, nematodes, mites and other pests and diseases, aggravating the occurrence of pest damage and seriously affecting the yield and quality of Ganoderma lucidum.
Morphological characteristics
The adult is relatively small, about 4 mm long, yellowish brown, with black ring stripes at the end of the abdomen, red-and-white variations in the compound eyes, 3 ocelli, hind wings degenerated into halteres, a pair of antennae filaments at the front of the dorsal side, and the antennal arista is hair-like. The wings are transparent, with 2 notches on the costal vein, and the abdomen is thick and short. The female adult has a slender, pointed abdominal tip, a lighter color, and 7 segments of black ring stripes.
The egg is about 0.5 mm long, milky white, with a reticulate pattern of small cells on the surface, and 2 egg filaments at the front end.
The larva is small, 4.5-5.5 mm long, maggot-shaped, milky white. It has no thoracic legs or abdominal legs.
The pupa is a coarctate pupa, initially white, gradually turning yellowish brown.
Occurrence pattern: Drosophila melanogaster prefers to lay eggs and reproduce on rotting fruit and fermented materials. Its reproduction speed is fast, and it can reproduce for multiple generations a year. At a temperature of 10°C, the egg stage lasts as long as 57 days; at 15°C, 18 days; at 20-25°C, 6-4 days. The generation period is 12-15 days at 20-25°C. The optimum growth temperature is 20-25°C, and at 30°C the adults are sterile and die.
Control methods
(1) Strengthen cultivation management, clean up organic matter-containing waste in the cultivation site and its surroundings, and install screen doors and screen windows in the cultivation room to reduce pest damage. The mushroom house should be regularly sprinkled with lime or sprayed with insecticides.
(2) Taking advantage of the habits of Drosophila melanogaster, prepare a mixed liquid of wine, sugar, vinegar and water in a ratio of 1:2:3:4 for trapping and killing, and add a small amount of dichlorvos, place it in basins, and place 1-2 basins per 2-4 ear racks to trap and kill adults.
(3) If damaged symptoms are found, slightly sprinkle trichlorfon or dichlorvos insecticide on the moist growing substrate to kill the larvae, and lime powder can also be sprinkled.
Commonly used agents: trichlorfon, dichlorvos.