Key Technical Points for High-Quality, High-Yield Cultivation of Ginger-Wheat Intercropping

Ginger-wheat intercropping can make full use of light and heat resources, reduce the shading procedure, and resolve the conflict over land between ginger and grain. Generally, the yield of ginger is 2000-3000 kg per mu, with high yields reaching 3500-4000 kg, @#@245@#@ yield 300-4D0 kg per mu. The technical measures are as follows:

1. Intercropping pattern. On the premise of ensuring ginger density, determine the spacing between ginger and wheat in intercropping. Trials show that the pattern with a row spacing of 50 cm, leaving an intercropping row in between, and drilling two rows of wheat in furrows gives the highest yield, and the shading condition is best at three parts light and seven parts shade. Some also sow winter spinach in the ginger rows to increase economic returns.

2. Land preparation and fertilization. Ginger has a high fertilizer requirement, so before sowing wheat, apply 5000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure per mu and 70-80 kg of NPK compound fertilizer, plow deeply 25-30 cm, harrow fine and level, and make beds in an east-west direction. The bed length is one zhou meter, and the bed width is 50 cm.

3. Sowing at the right time. Ginger should be sown when the 5 cm soil temperature is stably 16-17C. When sowing, first open a 10 cm deep furrow in the bed, water thoroughly, and after the water seeps in, place the ginger seed pieces in the furrow with the ginger buds facing south, then cover with 5-6 cm of soil. Wheat is sown from late October to early November. The plant spacing of ginger is 17-20 cm, with 6500-7500 plants per mu. Wheat varies with variety and sowing date, and the basic seedling number should be kept between 150,000 and 250,000.

4. Field management. 1. For wheat, cultivate strong seedlings before winter, promote early seedling growth in early spring, apply 20-5 kg of urea per mu at the early jointing stage, and irrigate, and promptly prevent and control diseases and insects to ensure a bumper harvest. 2. Ginger. (1) Ginger is not tolerant of light, especially during the seedling stage, which coincides with early summer when sunlight is intense, so shading is necessary. At wheat harvest, harvest only the wheat heads and leave the wheat straw as shading grass, and remove the wheat straw in late July when the seedlings are 40 cm tall. Another method is to sow 1 row of corn south of the ginger between two rows of wheat, with a plant spacing of 40 cm and 3000 plants per mu, and harvest fresh corn in early to mid-August. (2) Cultivation and weeding. Ginger roots are shallow and mainly distributed in the surface soil. Generally, after emergence, cultivate 1-2 times in combination with irrigation to loosen the soil and conserve moisture. During the seedling stage, growth is slow, and it is also a hot and rainy season, which easily causes weeds to grow profusely. Manual weeding requires a lot of labor, so herbicides such as napropamide, nitrofen, pendimethalin, sethoxydim, and trifluralin can be used for control. Operate according to the instructions to avoid herbicide damage. (3) Topdressing, irrigation, and earthing up. When the seedlings are 25-30 cm tall and have 1-2 branches, apply 15-20 kg of urea per mu; when the ginger seedlings have three forks (around the Beginning of Autumn), apply 30-35 kg of NPK compound fertilizer per mu; when the ginger seedlings have 5-6 branches (early September), this is the peak period of ginger fertilizer demand, so heavy topdressing should be carried out, applying 50-60 kg of NPK compound fertilizer per mu.

After ginger sowing, the first irrigation should be applied when 80% of seedlings have emerged. During the seedling stage, irrigate with small amounts of water, and combine with shallow hoeing to promote root development. In summer, the weather is hot and evaporation is high, so irrigate frequently to lower the temperature. After the Beginning of Autumn, it enters the vigorous growth period, when water demand is high, so the soil should be kept moist. Stop irrigation one week before harvest to control ginger and facilitate harvest and storage. Be sure to use well water or clean water for irrigation, and never irrigate with laundry detergent or soapy water. Also promptly drain accumulated water from the field.

In combination with heavy topdressing, carry out the first earthing up, turning furrows into ridges. During the vigorous growth period, the rhizome expands rapidly, and the ridge surface is often split open, so earth up at any time in combination with irrigation, to about 30 cm, creating suitable conditions for rhizome growth.

(4) Disease and insect control. At the seedling stage, spray 90% trichlorfon 1000-fold solution to control pests such as corn borers. For underground pests, use isofenphos-methyl and fosthiazate for control. For ginger blast, use 80% fosetyl-aluminum 300-fold and 70% dexon 1000-fold mixed to drench the roots, or use 70% formalin 100-fold solution to drench the roots. When central diseased plants are found in the field, pull them out immediately, take them out of the field, and destroy them centrally. Treat the diseased holes with quicklime powder or bleaching powder original powder.

5. Harvest. 1. Wheat: at the late dough stage, harvest only the wheat heads and leave the wheat straw as shading grass for ginger, completing harvest before June 10. 2. Ginger. (1) Digging old ginger: if the market is short of supply, the old ginger can be dug out and sold around the Beginning of Autumn. That is, on the north side of the ginger plant, use a small shovel to gently remove the soil from the seed plant, expose the old ginger, press the connection between the main stem and the seed ginger with the hand, insert the shovel blade on the front side of the old ginger and tilt it upward, so that the old ginger separates from the main stem, then seal each plant well so that the soil is in close contact with the ginger roots. Digging out old ginger causes wounds, which easily leads to pathogen infection and rhizome rot, so in rainy areas or disease areas, it is not suitable to harvest old ginger early. (2) Harvesting and storing new ginger: harvest after Frost's Descent, when the aboveground part has not yet been frozen and withered. Choose a windless sunny morning, dig it out, break off the ginger shoots from the base of the stems, and transport it back immediately, then store it indoors or in a cellar, or layer it with sand in a cave. It does not need to be dried in the sun, otherwise the outer skin will dry out and affect quality. Within 10 days after being put into the cellar, respiration is vigorous, the wounds produce healing tissue, and the carbon dioxide concentration is high, so it must not be sealed. After 10 days, seal the cellar opening with mud, leaving one ventilation hole at the top. After one month of post-ripening, the new ginger heals the wounds from removed buds (stems), and when the bud tips are full and round, the curing is complete. Then market it gradually according to market demand.