Characteristics and Cultivation Techniques of Yumai 70 Wheat

Yumai 70 was developed in 1995 by the Agricultural Science Institute of Neixiang County, Henan Province, through the composite cross Mianyang 84-2/Neixiang 82C6//Yumai 17. It was approved by the Henan Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2000.

High yield: white grains. Long awns. Plant height 75 cm. High tillering and spike-forming rate. It has the characteristics of high and stable yield, good quality, multiple resistance and wide adaptability. From 1996 to 1997, 175 mu were propagated in Neixiang, with an average yield of 517 kg, and 615 kg in demonstration fields, an increase of 16.5% over Yumai 18. From 1997 to 1998, in the Nanyang group of the Henan provincial regional trial, it outyielded the control. From 1998 to 1999, in the Henan provincial super-high-yield regional trial with spring water and fertilizer, the yield was 538 kg per mu, an increase of 5.73% over Yumai 18; from 1999 to 2000, the yield was 567 kg per mu, an increase of 0.93% over Yumai 18, ranking third. At the same time, on the Baotiaohe Farm in Henan Province and in Dunfangdian Township, Xinxiang City, a 10,000-mu contiguous demonstration field yielded 550 kg per mu, with the highest reaching 650 kg. It also showed high yield in Anhui, Jiangsu, Hebei, Shandong and other places. Generally, the number of spikes per mu is 410,000, the number of grains per spike is 39, and the 1,000-grain weight is 42 g. Rectangular large spikes, with a neat spike layer in the field. The grains are semi-hard, with a low black embryo rate and good appearance and marketability.

Stable yield: stable productivity and robust growth. Flowering, grain filling, and yellowing are smooth and orderly. There is no major difference under different regions, different years and different climatic conditions. Through multi-point trials and demonstrations, the yield per mu exceeded 500 kg for 4 consecutive years.

Good quality: According to testing by the Grain Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture: the grains contain 15.21% protein, 32.2% wet gluten, and the flour water absorption rate is 53.28%, the dough stability time is 12.8 minutes, and the comprehensive evaluation value is 80.2 points, reaching the national high-quality special-purpose @#@245@#@ standard.

Multiple resistance: highly resistant to stripe rust and soil-borne mosaic virus, moderately resistant to fusarium head blight and sheath blight. Compact plant type, medium-stalked, thick and strong, with good elasticity, and resistant to lodging. In 2000, there was no thorough rain for more than 5 months during the middle and late stages of wheat growth, yet Dunfangdian Township, Xinxiang City, still had large areas with a yield of 550 kg per mu. During the overwintering period, it remained safe under low-temperature conditions of -30°C to -17°C in Hebei and Beijing. Later growth was steady, and grain filling was normal. The leaves are narrow and upright, with a long functional period, and yellowing is good. The grains are plump and there is no premature senescence.

Adaptability: It is relatively suitable for planting in Henan, Hubei, Anhui, Shandong, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Beijing and other places. This variety is a weak springness, medium-early maturity variety, with a relatively long suitable sowing period. Choose neutral or slightly alkaline soil (heavy sandy soil or acidic soil is not suitable), and land rich in organic matter, and prepare the soil at suitable moisture. Apply 3,000 kg of farmyard manure, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 15 kg of urea, and 10 kg of potassium chloride per mu as base fertilizer, together with some trace elements such as zinc and boron. Where underground pests are severe, treat with phoxim. For seeds without coating, mix phoxim and triadimefon with water, coat the seeds, and dry them. Sowing from October 10 to 25 is appropriate; north of the Yellow River it can be 3 to 5 days earlier, and south of the Yellow River it can be 5 to 10 days later. The sowing rate per mu is 5 to 7 kg, and the basic seedling number of 8 to 10 plants is appropriate. Cultivate and suppress seedling growth to overwinter with strong seedlings. Supplement water and fertilizer at the jointing and grain-filling stages, and spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, triadimefon and carbendazim from full heading to grain filling to prevent diseases. Harvest at dough stage to prevent mildew from excessive rain and sprouting of spikes.