Introduction to the Characteristics and Traits of the Quanmai No. 3 Wheat Variety

Quanmai No. 3 is a new spring @#@245@#@ variety developed by the Quanzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Fujian Province through sexual hybridization using a dwarf variety from Nepal as the female parent and Jinmai 2148 as the male parent, then using the progeny material as the female parent and "Ning 7840" as the male parent for further hybridization.

Characteristics and traits: In Fujian, the full growth period of this variety is 128-135 days, maturing 6-7 days earlier than Jinmai 2148. Plant height is 95-105 cm, the stems are highly elastic, relatively tolerant of moisture, and the stems color well in the later stage. The spike layer is uniform, the spikes are spindle-shaped, with white glumes and long awns. The grains have red seed coats, are oval-shaped, and semi-hard. Spike length is 9-10 cm, with 37-42 grains per spike and a 1000-grain weight of 39.4-47.1 g. The quality is relatively good, with the crude protein content of the grain reaching 11.81%, which is 1.73 percentage points higher than that of Jinmai 2148. It is resistant to stem rust, slightly susceptible to fusarium head blight and leaf rust, and slightly to moderately susceptible to powdery mildew.

In the two years from 1990 to 1992, it participated in the Fujian Provincial Wheat Joint Regional Trial, with average yields increasing by 5.2% and 10.4% compared to the controls Jinmai 2148 and Fufan 16 respectively, ranking first among the tested varieties; in the two years from 1990 to 1992, it participated in the South China 3-Province (Region) Wheat Joint Regional Trial, yielding 5.95% more than Jinmai 2148 and 6.7% more than Fufan 16, also ranking first in yield among the tested varieties. In recent years, Quanmai No. 3 has been demonstrated in large-scale production, showing early maturity, disease resistance, and stable high yields, and has been widely welcomed by farmers.

Breeder: Quanzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Fujian Province

Region and techniques: This variety is suitable for planting in the spring wheat regions of northwest and northeast China, as well as in paddy fields and dry land with medium or higher fertility along the southeastern coast of Fujian.

This variety is spring-type, maturing 6-7 days earlier than Jinmai 2148, and in Fujian it is generally best sown around "Minor Snow." Basal fertilizer should account for 70%-80% of the total fertilizer amount, mainly farmyard manure; topdressing should account for 20%-30% of the total fertilizer amount, generally applied about one month after sowing, with attention to the rational combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. For field planting, when using drilling or broadcasting, the basic seedling count per mu should be 180,000-200,000, with the effective spike count controlled at 180,000-220,000 spikes; for farmland planting, the basic seedling count per mu should be 160,000-180,000, with the effective spike count controlled at 180,000-200,000 spikes. After sowing, irrigate once with "running horse water" to ensure full emergence, and irrigate promptly in case of drought; in the later stage, when there is a lot of rain, drain promptly. At the same time, good control work should be done for weeds, rodents, birds, and diseases and insect pests. Quanmai No. 3 plants are relatively tall, and under high-fertility conditions attention should be paid to preventing lodging.