Detailed Explanation of the 4 Major Points of Ningmai 13 Cultivation Techniques

Ningmai 13@#@245@#@has a compact plant type and a neat appearance. Its yield structure is well coordinated in terms of panicles per mu, grains per panicle, and 1000-grain weight, with high grain density and grain weight, and uniform panicle layers. It is highly resistant to wheat spindle streak mosaic virus, moderately resistant to Fusarium head blight, and moderately susceptible to sheath blight, powdery mildew, and leaf rust. It has broad adaptability. As long as the appropriate sowing period is strictly observed and field management and pest and disease control are strengthened, freeze damage caused by warm winters can be prevented and yield can be increased. Since 2005, Tangzhuang Town, Gaoyou City, has planted Ningmai 13 wheat for 3 consecutive years, with yields per mu all exceeding 500 kg. The technical measures are introduced below.

I. Sow at the appropriate time to strive for strong seedlings overwintering. Considering the impact of warm winters on wheat growth and development, sowing dates should be appropriately delayed in large-scale production to prevent freeze damage from jointing before winter. The sowing period should aim for strong seedlings overwintering and be reasonably determined according to local climate characteristics based on the indicator of 400°C accumulated active temperature before overwintering (December 20). Generally, the sowing period should be appropriately delayed by 5-7 days compared with the sowing period set from the 1980s to the early 1990s, with sowing from late October to early November being suitable, so as to avoid freeze damage caused by too early sowing and an advanced growth period.

II. Moderate dense planting to establish a high-yield population. For high-yield fields with fertile soil, precision sowing high-yield cultivation techniques should be adopted for sowing at the appropriate time, with 80,000-120,000 basic seedlings per mu being suitable. For fields with medium soil fertility, 120,000-150,000 basic seedlings per mu is suitable. For sowing at the appropriate time, the seeding rate is 7-10 kg per mu. For late sowing, for each 1 day of delay, the seeding rate increases by 0.25-0.5 kg, but the seeding rate per mu must not exceed 20 kg. Seed treatment with paclobutrazol is recommended to enhance plant lodging resistance.

III. Scientific fertilization, saving nitrogen and increasing phosphorus and potassium to preserve quality. Ningmai 13 is a weak-gluten wheat variety. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer application easily causes grain protein to increase and quality to decrease. Therefore, the method of saving nitrogen, increasing phosphorus and potassium, and moving nitrogen fertilizer earlier should be adopted. For a yield target of 500 kg per mu, apply 15-18 kg of pure nitrogen per mu, and 7-9 kg each of phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide, with an N:P:K ratio of 2:1:1. Follow the fertilization principle of sufficient fertilizer in the early stage to promote early growth and controlling nitrogen fertilizer in the later stage to preserve quality. Among the nitrogen fertilizer, the ratio of basal fertilizer to topdressing is 7:3, that is, basal fertilizer accounts for 70%, tillering fertilizer accounts for 15%, and jointing-booting fertilizer accounts for 15%.

IV. Control diseases to ensure high quality and high yield. At the jointing stage, use 150-200 g of 20% Wenmeijing or 400-500 g of 5% jinggangmycin per mu, add 20-25 kg of water, and use a mist sprayer for mist application to control sheath blight, and ensure the solution can reach the affected parts at the stem base. At the heading and flowering stage (when 10% of wheat spikes show anthers), use 100 g of 75% carbendazim and 35-50 g of 15% triadimefon per mu, add 60 kg of water for spraying or add 20 kg of water for mist application to control Fusarium head blight, powdery mildew, and rust.