How to grow Ningmai 13? These 4 key cultivation techniques must be mastered

Ningmai 13@#@245@#@has a compact plant type and a neat appearance. Its yield structure is well coordinated, including the number of ears per mu, number of grains per ear, and 1000-grain weight, with high grain density and grain weight, and uniform ears. It is highly resistant to wheat spindle streak mosaic virus, moderately resistant to Fusarium head blight, and moderately susceptible to sheath blight, powdery mildew, and leaf rust; it has wide adaptability. As long as the suitable sowing period is strictly observed and field management and pest and disease control are strengthened, freezing damage caused by a warm winter can be prevented and yield increased. Since 2005, Tangzhuang Town in Gaoyou City has grown Ningmai 13 wheat for 3 consecutive years, with yields exceeding 500 kg per mu. The technical measures are introduced as follows.

I. Sow at the suitable time to strive for strong seedlings to overwinter. Considering the impact of a warm winter on wheat growth and development, sowing time should be appropriately delayed in large-scale production to prevent freezing damage from jointing before winter. The sowing period should aim for strong seedlings to overwinter, reasonably determined according to the local climate characteristics and the indicator of 400°C active accumulated temperature before overwintering (December 20). Generally, the sowing period should be appropriately delayed by 5-7 days compared with the sowing period determined from the 1980s to the early 1990s, with late October to early November being suitable, so as to avoid early sowing advancing the growth period and causing freezing damage.

II. Moderate dense planting to establish a high-yield population. For fertile high-yield fields, precision sowing high-yield cultivation techniques should be adopted and sowing should be done at the suitable time, with 80,000-120,000 basic seedlings per mu; for fields with medium soil fertility, 120,000-150,000 basic seedlings per mu is suitable. For sowing at the suitable time, the seeding rate is 7-10 kg per mu; for late sowing, for each 1 day of delay, the seeding rate increases by 0.25-0.5 kg, but the seeding rate per mu must not exceed 20 kg. Seed treatment with paclobutrazol is recommended to enhance plant lodging resistance.

III. Scientific fertilization, saving nitrogen and increasing phosphorus and potassium to preserve quality. Ningmai 13 is a weak-gluten wheat variety. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer application can easily increase grain protein and reduce quality, so fertilization should adopt the method of saving nitrogen, increasing phosphorus and potassium, and moving nitrogen fertilizer earlier. For a yield target of 500 kg per mu, apply 15-18 kg of pure nitrogen per mu, and 7-9 kg each of phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide, with an N:P:K ratio of 2:1:1. Master the fertilization principle of sufficient fertilizer in the early stage to promote early growth and controlling nitrogen fertilizer in the later stage to preserve quality. Among the nitrogen fertilizer, the ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing is 7:3, that is, base fertilizer accounts for 70%, tillering fertilizer 15%, and jointing-booting fertilizer 15%.

IV. Control diseases to ensure high quality and high yield. At the jointing stage, use 150-200 g of 20% Wenmeijing or 400-500 g of 5% Jinggangmycin per mu, add 20-25 kg of water, and use a mist sprayer to control sheath blight, ensuring the solution can reach the affected part at the stem base. At the heading and flowering stage (when 10% of wheat ears show anthers), use 100 g of 75% carbendazim and 35-50 g of 15% triadimefon per mu, add 60 kg of water for spraying or 20 kg of water for mist spraying, to control Fusarium head blight, powdery mildew, and rust.