Introduction to the Characteristics and Traits of the Quanshu 76 Sweet Potato Variety
Variety source: Jinshan 57 × Taishu 66
Characteristics and traits: This variety has a short-vine, semi-upright plant type, with medium to slightly thick vines, shallow compound-notched leaf shape, green leaf tips with brown edges, and light purple veins. Each plant has 8-10 branches and sets 3-5 tubers per plant, uniform in size, neatly concentrated, with a high proportion of medium and large tubers. The tubers are spindle-shaped, with yellow skin and yellow flesh. The tuber drying rate is 28%, and the starch yield is 16.9%, which is 1.9 percentage points higher than Jinshan 57. The eating quality score is 82.3, 2.3 points higher than the control Jinshan 57, and the eating quality is superior to Jinshan 57. It is resistant to vine cutting disease and moderately resistant to sweet potato blast disease.
Yield performance: High yield, stable yield, disease resistance, and high starch yield. This variety participated in the Fujian Province sweet potato regional trial from 2004 to 2005. The two-year average fresh tuber yield was 2455.35 kg/mu (1 mu = 1/15 hm2), 1.1% lower than the control; the average dried tuber yield was 697.8 kg/mu, 6.3% higher than the control; the average starch yield was 415.3 kg/mu, 11.88% higher than the control.
Cultivation points:
(1) Strictly reserve seed and cultivate strong seedlings. It is best to select late-season potatoes with good tuber set per plant, standard tuber shape, no pests or diseases, no wounds, and medium to large size for seed reservation, or use virus-free tubers for seed reservation. After the tubers sprout, management of weeds, water, fertilizer, and temperature should be strengthened, diseased and rotten tubers and their sprouts should be removed in time, and seedlings should be cut or buds should be broken off in time for propagation, with strengthened water and fertilizer management.
(2) Choose reasonable plots and apply sufficient basal fertilizer. Quanshu 76 has good adaptability, but choosing rotated plots with deep sandy loam soil and good water conditions can better realize its yield potential. In combination with land preparation, apply 2000-4000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu (taking high-quality decomposed pig manure as an example) and 30 kg of NPK compound fertilizer, and plow them deeply into the soil.
(3) Use short potato seedlings for oblique insertion, with appropriate close planting and early planting. Use potato seedlings about 15 cm long, insert 2-3 nodes into the soil at an oblique angle to the ground, with 3-4 nodes of the seedling tip exposed above the ground. Quanshu 76 has medium-short vines and a semi-upright habit, with a relatively reasonable leaf layer distribution and good light and air penetration, so appropriately increasing planting density can increase population yield, generally planting 3500-4500 plants per mu. Generally, early potatoes are planted in May, and late potatoes are planted before Dashu.
(4) Carry out field management well. Check seedlings 4-5 d after planting, and replant missing seedlings as early as possible. After planting, irrigate (water) as appropriate according to soil moisture. Apply the nodule fertilizer early, applying 5-6 kg/mu of urea 5-7 d after planting. In combination with intertillage and weeding, apply the side-dressing fertilizer heavily and early; generally within 30 d after planting, apply 40 kg/mu of N-P-K compound fertilizer and 10 kg of urea. In the early and middle growth stages, irrigate (water) and spray foliar fertilizer as appropriate according to soil moisture and aboveground growth conditions, and in the late growth stage do a good job of preventing and draining waterlogging.
(5) Strengthen pest and disease control. The main sweet potato diseases include sweet potato vine cutting disease, sweet potato blast disease, and viral disease, and the main insect pests include sweet potato weevil, cotton leafworm, red spider mite, and whitefly. Pest and disease control should follow the plant protection policy of "prevention first, integrated control," and adhere to the pollution-free control principle of giving priority to biological control and physical control, with chemical control as a supplement.