Key Points and Precautions for Fertilizing Sesame
Peanut is one of the main oil and grain crops in China, and also one of the main sources of income for many farmers. When growing peanuts, scientific and reasonable fertilization can increase yield, bring a bumper harvest, and is the main measure to increase returns. So how should peanuts be fertilized? Let's take a look together.
1. Nutrient Requirements
During growth and development, peanuts not only need large amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but also have a relatively high demand for trace elements such as calcium and iron. Among these, peanuts have a relatively large demand for calcium, and the amount of calcium absorbed varies at different stages, with the pod-setting stage being the greatest. The pod-setting stage is the period of greatest nutrient absorption, when nitrogen uptake accounts for 40% of the total, phosphorus about 45%, and potassium about 60%. Throughout the entire growth period, nitrogen absorption is high at both ends and low in the middle; phosphorus is low at both ends and high in the middle; potassium is highest at the flowering stage, followed by the pod-setting stage, and lower at the full-pod stage.
2. Apply Sufficient Base Fertilizer
Peanuts have a high nutrient demand in the early growth stage, but their root system is not yet fully developed at this time, so the number of root nodules is relatively small and their own nitrogen-fixing capacity is weak. Therefore, applying sufficient base fertilizer is extremely important. Base fertilizer generally includes bottom fertilizer and seed fertilizer. Base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. Before sowing, apply 2000-3000 kg of organic fertilizer, 50 kg of compound fertilizer, and 1-2 kg of boron fertilizer per mu while preparing the land. When sowing, seeds can be dressed with rhizobia, or soaked and dressed with a low-concentration ammonium molybdate or boric acid aqueous solution, which can supplement trace elements for the seeds.
3. Reasonable Topdressing
When sufficient base fertilizer is applied at planting, peanuts generally do not need topdressing during growth. In particular, some areas use plastic film mulching for planting, which makes topdressing even less suitable. However, if the soil has poor water and fertilizer retention capacity and sufficient base fertilizer was not applied during later planting, then targeted fertilization should be carried out according to the growth condition of the plants, generally mainly with quick-acting chemical fertilizers, which can quickly maintain nutrients. Apply 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, which can be applied together with intertillage to promote rapid growth of seedlings.
4. Foliar Fertilization
When fertilizing peanuts, there is another special fertilization method, namely foliar fertilization, which is actually leaf spraying. It can be used when the root absorption capacity is weak but the plants still lack nutrients, quickly supplementing nutrients and preventing premature aging of the plants. Generally, spraying the leaves 1-2 times with low-concentration monopotassium phosphate and urea solution can protect roots and leaves and improve the seed-setting rate and full-pod rate.
The above is an introduction to sesame fertilization techniques. We hope it can help you. If you want to learn more related knowledge, please stay tuned to us.