How to Grow Common Beans for High Yield? A Detailed Guide to Cultivation Techniques

Common beans, also known in many places as green beans, are a popular vegetable among the legume vegetables. In rural areas, every household plants a small plot, and nowadays many people in cities grow one or two plants on their balconies, which is enough for several meals, so growing them is very simple. Today, Qinnong Net wants to teach everyone the high-yield cultivation methods for common beans. Let's take a look below.

1. Land preparation and fertilization

We generally do not plant on wasteland that has not been cultivated for several consecutive years, because that kind of soil has more pests, diseases, and pathogens, and is not suitable for growing common beans, which may fail to produce pods. When preparing the land, we try to plow the soil after the previous crop is harvested, which can reduce some pests and diseases. During land preparation, we generally make ridges and furrows at a spacing of 20 to 20 (units), then evenly spread a layer of livestock manure or dry grass and wood on the ridges, and then wait for sowing.

2. Sowing and raising seedlings

The seed coat of common beans is relatively hard, so direct sowing results in very slow germination. Therefore, we first sun-dry the seeds for two to three days, then soak them in formalin solution for about ten minutes, remove them and rinse the chemical off with clean water, then dry them and they are ready for sowing. There are three sowing methods. The first is drilling, which means sowing the seeds in rows on the prepared ridges. The second is hole sowing, making holes on the ridges at a spacing of 30 cm per plant and sowing. The third is transplanting, which means first raising the common bean seeds in a seedbed, and when they grow to about 10 cm, transplanting them into the prepared field.

3. Temperature management

Common beans have strict temperature requirements. First, their cold resistance is extremely poor, and second, they stop growing under high-temperature conditions, so special attention must be paid to temperature regulation when growing common beans. In the Hunan area, we generally plant common beans in March or April of spring, and by around June they will produce common beans. During this period, the temperature is basically stable at around 15 to 28 degrees, so the temperature is just right, neither hot nor cold. Common beans stop growing when the temperature is below 10 degrees, and burn to death in an environment above 30 degrees. Therefore, we should plant as much as possible according to the seasonal changes of the region, and can also use greenhouse technology, which makes temperature management simpler.

4. Fertilizer and water management

The fertilizer and water requirements throughout the growth period of common beans are as follows. Under normal circumstances, after planting common beans, the first watering and fertilization are needed after transplanting. At this time, it is to make the growth of the common bean seedlings in the field more uniform. We generally water with human manure and urine, then mix in 50 jin of urea. The second fertilization is when the common beans begin to climb. At this time, they need a large amount of nutrients, but it must also be reasonably controlled to prevent excessive vegetative growth without flowering and podding. On average, 30 jin of urea, 20 jin of phosphate fertilizer, and 20 jin of potassium fertilizer are mixed and broadcast per mu. The third fertilization is when the common beans flower and set pods. We can promote flowering and also increase the pod-setting rate. This fertilization only needs to add 30 jin of boron fertilizer on top of the second fertilization.

5. Trellis management

To increase the yield of common beans, we generally build some trellises or frames when the common bean seedlings grow to about 30 cm, connect ropes across the trellises, then guide the common bean seedlings plant by plant onto the trellises, letting them climb and grow along the ropes on the trellises. This yields much more than letting them crawl and grow on the ground, and also avoids the occurrence of many pests and diseases, so trellising is very necessary.

6. Disease control

Common beans have relatively few diseases. The most common are probably leaf blight and root rot. Ordinary growers know how to prevent these two diseases, since they are common problems for all crops. First, to prevent these two diseases, we need to do a good job in field management, and when the disease occurs, we can use carbendazim solvent for control. The most important thing is to prevent insect pests, mainly armyworms, aphids, inchworms, and cabbage worms. The most effective control method is to spray the bean seedlings with trichlorfon solvent or Bordeaux mixture.