What are the causes of peanut seedling death and the control methods?
Peanut is an important oil crop in China with high economic value, and with the continuous development of cultivation, the planting area of peanut is also growing larger and larger. However, during cultivation, the phenomenon of seedling death often occurs, seriously affecting peanut yield, and in severe cases leading to total crop failure for farmers. The phenomenon of peanut seedling death seriously affects peanut production. So what are the causes of peanut seedling death? How should it be controlled? Let's take a look.
1. Seed problems
The seeds purchased at sowing time are of poor quality, such as old seeds or rotten seeds, or during storage, because the storage environment is unsuitable, the seeds become moldy or are gnawed by rodents, resulting in poor peanut emergence. Some do not emerge at all. Those that do emerge are weak and gradually die later.
Control method: Buy seeds from legitimate manufacturers, and when purchasing, be sure to check the production date and the quality of the seeds. If using self-saved seeds, carefully select the seeds, choosing those that are larger, undamaged and not moldy.
2. Continuous cropping and repeated cropping on the same land
In some areas, because peanuts are planted year after year and the planting area is limited, no crop rotation measures are carried out. Years of continuous cropping lead to a serious repeated-cropping situation, which results in more pathogens in the soil and extremely strong resistance to chemicals, making control very difficult, and this leads to peanut seedling death.
Control method: Carry out reasonable crop rotation and stubble changing. Peanuts can be rotated with soybean, corn and wheat for 2-3 years before continuing to plant peanuts, which can reduce the phenomenon of seedling death.
3. Diseases
Disease is the main cause of peanut seedling death. The diseases that cause peanut seedling death include root rot, stem rot and bacterial wilt. These diseases cause seedlings to gradually turn yellow in the early stage, and as the disease develops, they eventually die.
Control method: Before planting, seeds should be disinfected and treated with seed dressing to eliminate the pathogens carried by the seeds. Before planting, the land can be prepared and the soil can also be disinfected once. When disease occurs, chemicals should be sprayed promptly for control, so as not to miss the best treatment time and cause seedling death.
4. Insect pests
As with diseases, the main cause of peanut seedling death is underground pests, such as white grubs. This is a pest that causes damage over large areas, mainly lurking underground and continuously gnawing at the root systems of seedlings, causing seedling death. If the seedlings do not die, in the later stage the pest will also gnaw the pods clean.
Control method: Before planting, deeply plow the soil to turn underground pests and eggs out to the surface, use the sun to kill them by drying, then spread lime powder, water thoroughly once, and use ground coverage over the entire ground. The edges of the plastic film should be buried in the soil, causing the pests to die from lack of oxygen. When the pest infestation is severe, use chemicals to drench the roots for control.
5. Chemical injury
When controlling pests and diseases or weeding, improper use of chemicals can also cause seedling death. Herbicides are one example. The seedlings first turn yellow, then gradually wither and die, and some also develop scorched leaves.
Control method: There is no special solution for chemical injury. Only rational and standard use of chemicals can prevent it. If chemical injury is discovered early, foliar fertilizer can be calculated and sprayed to alleviate death. If discovered late, the only option is to destroy the crop and replant.
The above are the causes of peanut seedling death and the control methods. We hope this can help you. To learn more about peanut cultivation knowledge, please stay tuned to us.