Detailed Explanation of Pollution-Free Cultivation Technical Regulations for Greenhouse Cucumbers
I. Soil Selection and Tillage 1. Soil selection: Choose a field with fertile soil, convenient transportation, and where the previous crop was not a cucurbit crop as the cultivation site. 2. Plowing, sun-bleaching and disinfection: The cultivation site should be flooded and plowed one month before planting, and after drying, land preparation should be carried out. 3. Bed preparation: 3-5 days before planting...
I. Soil Selection and Tillage
1. Soil selection: Choose a field with fertile soil, convenient transportation, and where the previous crop was not a cucurbit crop as the cultivation site.
2. Plowing, sun-bleaching and disinfection: The cultivation site should be flooded and plowed one month before planting, and after drying, land preparation should be carried out.
3. Bed preparation: Carry out bed preparation 3-5 days before planting. The ditch depth is 30-35 cm, and the bed surface width is 80-85 cm. Form steamed-bun-shaped beds with level ditches and a slight slope to facilitate drainage. The bed ditches, waist ditches, and perimeter ditches should be complete and unobstructed, achieving both irrigation and drainage capability.
II. Selection of Disease-Resistant Varieties and Cultivation of Strong Seedlings
1. Variety selection: Choose varieties suitable for greenhouse cultivation with good fruit-setting performance, high quality, high yield, and disease resistance, such as Bomei 201 and 202 (Tianjin Deruite Seed Industry Co.).
2. Seed treatment: Before sowing, soak seeds in warm water at 50-55°C for 20 minutes, then soak in clean water for 5-6 hours. After washing and draining, germinate until 70% of seeds have sprouted, then sow. Coated seeds can be sown directly.
3. Timely sowing: According to the planting site, geographical conditions, and market situation, the autumn sowing period is arranged from late August to early September. The winter-spring sowing period is January 20 - February 20.
4. Cultivation of strong seedlings: Select nutrient soil consisting of 6 parts soil from onion/garlic vegetable plots or virgin soil that has never been planted with vegetables, and 4 parts decomposed chicken manure or pig manure, sifted finely. Add 0.5 kg of 45% ternary compound fertilizer and 60 g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder per cubic meter. Mix well and fill into 10×10 (cm) nutrient cups for sowing and seedling raising. When seedlings grow to 2 true leaves, apply 0.3% urea water once; at 4 true leaves, apply 0.3% urea water once as a send-off fertilizer. Seedling age: about 25 days.
III. Cucumber Cultivation and Management Measures
1. Base fertilizer application: Under medium fertility conditions, in conjunction with land preparation, apply 1500 kg of fully decomposed poultry (chicken) manure, 50 kg of superphosphate, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, and 50 kg of compound fertilizer per mu. Spread evenly, deep plow into the soil, and form ridges and beds.
2. Transplanting: Plant 2 rows per bed in a triangular arrangement, with a plant-to-row spacing of 35×75 cm. Plant approximately 2500 plants per mu. After transplanting, water thoroughly to settle the roots. Cover with black plastic film in winter and spring.
3. Top dressing: After seedling establishment, aim to promote root growth and strengthen seedlings, and take care to control excessive vegetative growth. At this time, apply seedling-promoting fertilizer: 4 kg of urea per mu, applied in furrows followed by watering. The second top dressing is after entering the fruiting stage, applying 5-10 kg of urea and 4-5 kg of potassium sulfate depending on seedling condition.
4. Water management: Pay attention to timely drainage and irrigation. Irrigation can be combined with fertilization or carried out when soil moisture is insufficient, mainly by pouring, and waterlogging must absolutely be avoided.
5. Intertillage and weeding: Carry out intertillage and weeding in conjunction with fertilization and watering. When soil fertility and moisture are sufficient, intertillage should be done multiple times to loosen the soil, promote root development, and control excessive vegetative growth.
6. Promptly remove lower leaves and withered yellow leaves to promote ventilation and reduce the breeding of pathogens.
7. Temperature management: After planting, maintain the ground temperature inside the greenhouse above 16°C, nighttime temperature above 14°C, and daytime temperature at 25°C-32°C. Ventilate promptly to reduce humidity and close the greenhouse to retain heat according to greenhouse temperature.
IV. Harvesting
When cucumbers have swollen and reached the commercial fruit standard, harvest promptly. After harvesting, grade and package the cucumber fruits according to grade.
V. Pest and Disease Control
1. Anthracnose: In the early stage of disease, spray with 10% difenoconazole at 1000 times dilution, or spray with 40% Fuxing at 1500 times dilution.
2. Downy mildew: In the early stage of disease, spray with DuPont Kexiu at 750 times dilution.
3. Bacterial angular leaf spot: In the early stage of disease, spray with Longkejun at 1500 times dilution.
4. Phytophthora blight: Spray with 52.5% Yikuaijing at 2000 times dilution.
5. Spodoptera litura and similar pests: Spray with Kangkuan at 3000 times dilution.
6. American leafminer: During the peak hatching period of larvae, spray with cyromazine powder at 3000 times dilution.
7. Aphids: Spray with 10% imidacloprid powder at 3000 times dilution, or hang yellow sticky boards to trap insects.