How to identify and control common diseases and pests of winter melon?
Spring-planted winter melon is rich in nutrients; every 100 grams of fresh melon contains 96.6 grams of water, 0.4 grams of protein, 19 mg of calcium, 12 mg of phosphorus, 18 mg of vitamin C and other nutrients. In recent years, demand for winter melon has been increasing in various places. Spring-planted winter melon has high yields, and some varieties can reach up to 10,000 kg, after...
At present, summer-planted winter melon has entered the seedling growth stage, and various diseases and pests are prone to occur. According to many melon growers in Qingyuan, Yingde and other places, the damage from diseases and pests to winter melon has been relatively severe this year, bringing a great impact on winter melon production. Based on my years of plant protection experience, I have summarized a set of control methods for common diseases and pests of winter melon, for melon growers' reference.1. Damping-off and Rhizoctonia rot
1. Damping-off: the newly emerged main stem rots slowly; constriction at the base and seedling lodging are the fundamental conditions for root disease.
2. Rhizoctonia rot: the root base is constricted and dries up; the plant is diseased but does not lodge.
The commonly used fungicides for controlling damping-off and Rhizoctonia rot are: hymexazol and propanocarb; the excellent fungicide and formula are: Kuke + "Sanju" strong seedling root-promoting agent.
2. Anthracnose: black spots appear between the stems; the lesions are round or oval, with small black dots in the center of the lesions.
The commonly used fungicides for controlling anthracnose are: prochloraz and sportak; the excellent fungicide and formula are: Jinshineng + effervescent tablets (agricultural streptomycin) + Youshengsu.
3. Downy mildew: the lesions are yellowish-brown and spread continuously from the old leaves to the growing point; the leaf surface shows chlorosis, and there is mold on the underside of the leaves (white and black).
The commonly used fungicides for controlling downy mildew are: metalaxyl and cymoxanil; the excellent fungicide and formula are: Kemeiqing + Miaoge + Jinsanbao.
4. Phytophthora blight: the vine part is dark green and water-soaked; the leaves are easily broken, and in severe cases the upper part dies.
The commonly used fungicides for controlling Phytophthora blight are: dimethomorph and metalaxyl; the excellent fungicide and formula are: Putalin + effervescent tablets (agricultural streptomycin) + Dasanbao.
5. Fusarium wilt: the plant appears normal in the morning, and at noon and in the afternoon the leaves and vines shrink (brown); it is a soil-borne disease and often occurs at the flowering stage.
The commonly used fungicides for controlling Fusarium wilt are: Kuweilike and Junduqing; the excellent fungicide and formula are: Kuke + Duokang Root Disease Doctor + "Sanju" strong seedling root-promoting agent.
6. Bacterial angular leaf spot: raised spots appear on the leaf surface, polygonal or irregular, yellowish-brown, and in severe cases white bacterial ooze appears on the underside of the leaves.
The commonly used fungicides for controlling bacterial angular leaf spot are: streptomycin and Zhenxijunsa; the excellent fungicide and formula are: Birongda + Keshuangqing + Jungo.
7. Bacterial leaf blight: small round yellowish-white spots appear on the leaves in a V shape; the pathogen spreads quickly, developing from the old leaves to the growing point.
The commonly used fungicides for controlling bacterial leaf blight are: copper preparations and agricultural streptomycin; the excellent fungicide and formula are: Putalin + Jungo.
8. Gummy stem blight: the affected part of the vine stem, about 50-100 cm from the growing tip, turns black; after the vascular bundles turn brown, the leaves from the affected part to the growing tip shrivel, and in severe cases the whole plant dies.
The commonly used fungicide for controlling gummy stem blight is: Keweixing; the excellent fungicide and formula are: 50% Mankusuke + Jungo + Youshengsu.
9. Viral disease: at the initial stage, the growing point shrivels and stops growing, and the leaves are mosaic, yellowed and deformed.
Common methods for controlling viral disease: 1. Seed disinfection: soak in warm water at 55°C for 6-8 hours; 2. Soak in 10% trisodium phosphate for 20-30 minutes; 3. Transmission vectors: aphids, thrips, whiteflies. The excellent fungicide and formula are: 20% Yashaling + Bingdukeke + Jinsanbao.
10. Green worms: mainly including inchworms, noctuid moths, yellow squash beetles, melon fruit flies and other pests. The excellent pesticide and formula for controlling green worms are: Huang'ehuang + Gaolübao + Gaojin.
11. Leafminers: the excellent pesticide and formula for controlling this pest are: abamectin + Legaote + Gaojin.
12. Thrips, aphids, whiteflies: the excellent pesticides and formulas for controlling these pests are: fipronil, 20% Yashaling, Yashibao, 3% acetamiprid.