How to grow spring radishes? A full analysis of the key cultivation techniques
Select good seed. Choose varieties with a short growing period, strong cold resistance, late bolting, and resistance to hollowing. At present there are many radish varieties suitable for spring cultivation, among which Baiyuchun, Chunbaiyu, Spring Radish 9646 and Changchun Daigen are better. Prepare the soil and make beds. Choose relatively loose soil, apply 3000 gong... of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu...
1. Site selection and soil preparation: Choose land with convenient drainage and irrigation, fairly good soil texture and medium-to-high fertility, carry out contiguous unified planting, implement autumn leveling and soil preparation, irrigate well with winter water, harrow and rake several times in winter and spring to preserve moisture, and pick out all root stubble.2. Planting specifications: The total belt spacing is 225 cm, of which the pure wheat belt is 133 cm, in double rows close together, planting 12 rows of wheat; the corn belt is 92 cm wide, planting 3 rows, with a row spacing of 26 cm and a plant spacing of 18-20 cm; the corn in the two outer rows is 20 cm from the wheat; soybeans are interplanted between the outer rows of corn and wheat, with a plant spacing of 30 cm; in each wheat belt, 2 rows of perilla are planted in the wide row in the middle.
3. Cultivation techniques: 1. Select good seed: The seed must be carefully selected. Production seed must use good seed with plump grains, purity not lower than 96%, cleanliness not lower than 98%, germination rate not lower than 85%, and moisture content not higher than 13%. Using grain as seed is strictly prohibited. All corn uses coated seed, and for perilla select plump white perilla seed.
2. Sow at the right time: Wheat should be sown early at the right time at the end of February to early March, corn from April 10 to 15, soybeans around April 20, and perilla before the first irrigation water for wheat.
3. Seeding rate and density: The seeding rate for wheat is 19-20 kg per mu, with 340,000-360,000 seedlings retained per mu and 330,000-350,000 harvested spikes; the seeding rate for corn is 3.0-3.5 kg per mu. After thinning and final thinning, 4,400-4,500 plants are retained per mu; soybeans retain 3,000-4,000 plants per mu; perilla is generally broadcast at 1 kg per mu, with 10,000-12,000 plants retained per mu.
4. Fertilization (1) Base fertilizer: Generally apply 5,000 kg of farmyard manure per mu. For chemical fertilizers, formula fertilization is advocated: apply 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 50 kg of ordinary phosphate fertilizer per mu, or 30 kg of granular phosphate fertilizer, preferably in autumn.
(2) Seed fertilizer: When sowing wheat, generally apply 12.5 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu as seed fertilizer; when sowing corn, apply 6 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu. (3) Topdressing: (1) For wheat, before irrigating the first water in late April, apply 10-12.5 kg of urea per mu.
(2) Corn is topdressed 3 times, in conjunction with wheat irrigation. For seedling fertilizer, around May 20, apply 10-12.5 kg of urea per mu; for ear fertilizer, in late June, apply 25-30 kg of urea or 60-70 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu; for grain fertilizer, in mid-July (after wheat harvest), apply 10-15 kg of urea or 30-40 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu. (3) Perilla is topdressed 3 times: after wheat harvest, apply seedling fertilizer early, with 5 kg of urea per mu. From late July to early August, apply branching and capsule fertilizer, with 5-10 kg of urea per mu; at flowering, if growth is weak, apply another 2.5-5 kg of urea per mu.
5. Irrigation. Irrigation times: the first in late April; the second in early May; the third in late May (corn seedling fertilizer); the fourth in late June (corn ear fertilizer); the fifth in mid-July (corn grain fertilizer); the sixth in late July and early August (perilla topdressing); the seventh from late August to early September.
6. Control of diseases, insects, and weeds (1) Weeding: Mainly remove dicotyledonous weeds in wheat fields. Before soybeans emerge at the end of April, use 40 g of 72% 2,4-D butyl ester emulsifiable concentrate per mu, diluted with 30 kg of water, and spray.
(2) Insect control: (1) Aphids: Closely monitor insect conditions. When the number of Schizaphis graminum reaches 5 per 100 plants at the jointing stage, the mixed population reaches 50 per 100 plants at the booting stage, and reaches 250 per 100 plants at the heading stage, use 10-15 g of aphid-repellent powder aerosol per mu, or 10-15 ml of 2.5% deltamethrin or 20% fenvalerate emulsifiable concentrate, diluted with 30-40 kg of water, and spray.
(2) Armyworms: Use 50-100 ml of 50% phoxim per mu, or 10-15 ml of deltamethrin or fenvalerate, diluted with 30-40 kg of water, and spray. (3) Corn borers: Before the end of April, the previous year's corn stalks must be removed. At the large trumpet stage (late June to early July), pour 3-5 g of poisonous soil or poisonous liquid into the whorl of each corn plant. The chemicals can be 10-15 ml of Kung Fu emulsifiable concentrate or 8-15 ml of Lambda-cyhalothrin; for mixing with soil, 20 kg of sandy soil or stove ash can be used, and the poisonous liquid is diluted with 20-30 kg of water. (4) Red spider mites: Use 50 ml of 40% omethoate emulsifiable concentrate plus 50 ml of 20% dicofol emulsifiable concentrate per mu, or 75-100 ml of 5% hexythiazox emulsifiable concentrate (wettable powder), or 50 ml of 20% fenpropathrin emulsifiable concentrate per mu, spraying 30 kg of liquid per mu, for a total of 2-3 treatments, once every 10-15 days.
(3) Disease control: (1) Wheat powdery mildew: Control when the diseased leaf rate reaches 20% at the booting stage and 10% from the flowering stage to the three-leaf stage. Use 40 g of 20% triadimefon, or 30 g of 25% triadimefon, diluted with 30-40 kg of water, and spray. (2) Wheat rust: Control when the diseased leaf rate reaches 2% before heading; the chemicals are the same as for powdery mildew. (3) Wheat scab: At the initial heading stage, use 50 ml of 40% carbendazim suspension concentrate per mu, diluted with 30-40 kg of water, and spray.
7. Harvest: Wheat should be harvested early at the late dough stage; corn must be harvested at the right time when at the end of September all husk leaves have turned white, the leaves have yellowed and dried, and the grains are glossy and hard. Soybeans are harvested when the leaves turn yellow and the pods harden. Perilla sheds grain easily, so it should be harvested as early as possible at the mature stage.