How to fertilize kidney beans? Detailed explanation of scientific fertilization methods
Kidney beans are one of the vegetables we eat often, and they are widely grown in our country. They are a crop with a high fertilizer requirement, needing different levels of fertility throughout the entire growth period. Only when grown in an environment with sufficient fertility can high yields be achieved. So how should kidney beans be fertilized? And what kind of fertilizer should be applied? Let's take a look at the detailed content brought to you by the editor.
1. Fertilizer requirement characteristics
Kidney beans have a well-developed root system and are suitable for growing in loose, fertile, well-drained soil with good permeability. They are not tolerant of saline-alkali soil or continuous cropping. Throughout the entire growth and development period, kidney beans have a relatively high demand for nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, but a relatively low demand for phosphate fertilizer. The demand for nitrogen fertilizer is high, but the root system's ability to fix nitrogen is poor, so when planting, the supply of nitrogen must be ensured to prevent poor growth caused by nitrogen deficiency. However, when nitrogen fertilizer is applied excessively, the number of flowers and pods will decrease. Potassium fertilizer is generally applied in the middle and late stages, while phosphate fertilizer is generally applied in the early growth stage. Potassium fertilizer can make the kidney bean pods expand, increase yield, and also prevent premature aging. In the later stage, a small amount of calcium, boron, and molybdenum fertilizer also needs to be applied. Calcium fertilizer can improve disease resistance and prevent leaf shedding, while boron and molybdenum can promote growth and development.
2. Fertilization principles
When planting, some farmers do not have enough understanding of fertilizers, and they cannot master scientific fertilization techniques when applying fertilizer. Below, the editor brings the principles of kidney bean fertilization: base fertilizer as the main part, topdressing as the supplement, rational combined use of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, applying more organic fertilizer, rational combined use of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and supplementing trace elements needed by the plants such as molybdenum, zinc, and boron.
3. Apply sufficient base fertilizer
Kidney beans have a long growth period and need to absorb enough nutrients, so a sufficient nutrient supply must be ensured. The best method is to apply sufficient base fertilizer to the soil when planting. Base fertilizer can not only promote the plant to sprout and branch as quickly as possible, but also continuously provide nutrition in the later stage, avoiding flower drop in kidney beans and improving flowering and fruiting. Generally, 3000-4000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per mu, combined with 50-60 kg of compound fertilizer. It should be noted that the organic fertilizer must be completely decomposed, otherwise it will release a large amount of heat during decomposition, harming the kidney bean root system and causing root burn, which in severe cases can lead to plant death.
4. Reasonable topdressing
After applying sufficient base fertilizer, generally only 3-4 topdressings are needed, mainly at the seedling stage, the rosette stage, and the flowering and podding stage. Topdressing methods are also divided into root fertilization and foliar spraying. At the kidney bean seedling stage, topdressing is generally not needed, as the soil and base fertilizer are enough for its growth. However, when the soil nitrogen content is low, some nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately applied to ensure normal growth. At the rosette stage, in order to promote the growth of lateral roots and increase the number of flowers and pods, 10-15 kg of nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer can be added at this time. At the flowering and podding stage, after the pods have just formed, in order to promote robust plant growth, accelerate pod growth, and increase yield, 15-20 kg of high-concentration compound fertilizer should be applied at this time. In addition, at the seedling stage, seedlings are very prone to nutrient deficiency symptoms, resulting in abnormal leaf color and growth conditions. At this time, 1.9% zinc sulfate solution can be sprayed 2-3 times. At the flowering and podding stage, a low-concentration ammonium molybdate solution can be sprayed, and at the flowering stage, a low-concentration urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed.
The above is all the content on how to fertilize kidney beans. I hope it can help you. If you want to learn more about kidney bean cultivation knowledge, please stay tuned to us.