Detailed Explanation of Rice Pest and Disease Identification and Control Methods (Part 2)
The brown planthopper, also known as the brown rice planthopper, is commonly called roundworm, soft-shell roundworm, spindle worm, or midge. Scientific name Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), order Homoptera, family Delphacidae. The brown planthopper is one of the main pests on rice in China, causing damage in all major rice-growing regions across the north and south of the country. Every year it occurs and causes damage mixed with the white-backed planthopper, and the two planthoppers do not...
▲ Rice bakanae disease: also called "leggy disease" or "early-heading disease," it is a fungal disease caused by seed-borne infection in susceptible varieties. Severely infected plants grow leggy at the seedling stage and then wither and die. Mildly infected plants have slender leaves, pale yellow leaf color, leggy growth, elongated and tilted flag leaves, earlier heading, larger grains, and easy grain shattering. The main symptom is the growth of adventitious roots at the first and second nodes of the neck base. Control methods: (1) Select disease-resistant varieties. (2) Soak seeds for 72 hours in a 1500-fold dilution of "402" fungicide solution to kill the pathogen. Alternatively, soaking seeds in a 5000-fold dilution of 25% "Shibaike" can also kill the pathogen. The plants in the image that have already headed are all bakanae disease-infected plants.▲ Comparative experiment of seed soaking with "402." Method: Half of the seeds collected from bakanae disease-infected plants the previous year were soaked with "402," and the other half were not soaked and used as a control for seedling raising and transplanting. Results: The soaked seeds headed normally, while the unsoaked plants grew taller, headed earlier, had larger grains that shattered easily. Adventitious roots growing downward at the nodes are characteristic of typical bakanae disease-infected plants.
▲ Rice bacterial leaf blight: a bacterial disease, and a national plant quarantine object. It mainly spreads through infected seeds and contaminated rice straw. It damages rice leaves, causing plants to wilt and die, and has a relatively large impact on rice yield. Control methods: (1) Burn the rice straw from affected fields to eliminate the source of infection. (2) Select disease-free or disease-resistant varieties. (3) Carry out proper seed treatment by soaking seeds in "402" fungicide before sowing to kill the pathogen. (4) In the early stage of the disease, use agents such as "Yekuning" or "Daisen ammonium emulsifiable concentrate," agricultural "penicillin," etc., diluted with water according to the dosage on the instructions and spray for control.