Detailed Explanation of Key Points for Cultivating Garland Chrysanthemum in a Solar Greenhouse
Planting density should be reasonable, avoiding excessive dense planting; apply heavy base fertilizer, increase organic fertilizer, control nitrogen fertilizer dosage to prevent excessive vegetative growth; do not use flood irrigation, and drain promptly after heavy rain. In the early stage of disease, you can choose 58% metalaxyl? mancozeb wettable powder 500 times liquid, or 64% hymexazol? mancozeb wettable powder 500 times liquid, etc. for spraying...
1. Requirements for environmental conditions 1. Temperature. Garland chrysanthemum is a semi-cold-tolerant vegetable, prefers a cool and mild climate, and fears heat. Seeds germinate at 10°C, and the suitable growth temperature is 17-20°C. Above 29°C, it clearly shows small and few leaves and a coarse, old texture. It can tolerate short-term low temperatures around 0°C. 2. Light. Garland chrysanthemum is a long-day crop and can tolerate weak light. High temperature and long daylight can cause bolting and flowering. When cultivated in a solar greenhouse in winter and spring, bolting generally does not easily occur.
3. Water. Garland chrysanthemum is a shallow-rooted vegetable with fast growth and a small nutritional area per plant, so it requires a sufficient water supply. The soil needs to be kept moist frequently.
4. Soil and fertilizer. It is not very strict about soil, but fertile loam with a pH of 5.5-6.8 is most suitable for the growth of garland chrysanthemum.
Because the growth period is short and the stems and leaves are the marketable product, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied as a topdressing in a timely manner.
2. Variety selection
Garland chrysanthemum is divided into two major types: large-leaf and small-leaf. The large-leaf type has higher yield but poor cold tolerance and is mainly cultivated in the south. The small-leaf type is also called split-leaf garland chrysanthemum. Its quality is inferior to large-leaf garland chrysanthemum, but it has strong cold resistance, a short growth period, and a very strong aroma, and it is the main type planted in the north.
3. Land preparation and fertilization
Use 2500-5000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure, 50-100 kg of calcium superphosphate, and 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu. Spread evenly over the ground, manually deep-plow twice, and mix the fertilizer and soil thoroughly. After raking level, make beds 1-1.5 m wide, then rake level again within the beds and lightly tread once to prevent sinking after watering.
4. Sowing
The sowing rate is 1.5-2 kg per mu. It can be divided into broadcast sowing and drill sowing. For drill sowing, open furrows in the beds at a row spacing of 15-20 cm and a furrow depth of 1 cm, water in the furrows with a pot, and after the water infiltrates, scatter seeds and cover with soil.
5. Post-sowing management
1. Water and fertilizer management. After sowing, keep the ground moist to facilitate emergence. When the seedlings are 3 cm high, water for the first time, and water 2-3 times throughout the whole growth period. When the seedlings are 9-12 cm high, apply the first topdressing, applying 10-15 kg of ammonium nitrate per mu with irrigation, for a total of 2 topdressings.
2. Temperature management. After sowing, the temperature should be slightly higher: 20-25°C during the day on sunny days and 10°C at night, and seedlings can emerge in 4-5 days or 6-7 days. After emergence, 15-20°C during the day and 8-10°C at night is sufficient.
6. Harvesting
Harvesting of garland chrysanthemum can be divided into one-time harvesting and staged harvesting. One-time harvesting is done 40-50 days after sowing, when the seedlings are about 20 cm high, by cutting close to the ground. Staged harvesting has 2 methods: one is thinning and harvesting, and the other is cutting while retaining 1-2 side branches; after each harvest, water and apply fertilizer once, and after 20-30 days it can be cut and harvested again. The yield is 1000-1500 kg per mu.