Spring Corn Stubble Transplanting Soybean Cultivation Technique
I. Characteristics and Traits Soybean prefers warmth; seeds begin to germinate at 10-12°C, with 15-20°C being optimal; the optimal growth temperature is 20-25°C; the optimal temperature during flowering and pod-setting is 20-28°C. At low temperatures, pod-setting is delayed, and below 14°C flowering cannot occur; if the temperature is too high, the plant ends growth prematurely. Seed germination requires relatively more water; during the flowering period...
By utilizing the light and heat resources of more than 60 days from spring corn harvest to autumn sowing, transplanting and cultivating a single crop of soybean can yield 210 kg of soybean per mu. Compared with traditional direct-seeding intercropping of soybean in corn fields, soybean yield increases by 130 kg and corn yield increases by 160 kg. In the autumn sowing of the previous year, make beds 3.6 m wide, and in mid-to-late October transplant 6-7 rows of rapeseed per bed, with a row spacing of more than 0.5 m. In early-to-mid April of the following year, interplant corn in the rapeseed rows, with a row spacing of 0.8-0.9 m. Sow on June 15-18 to raise soybean seedlings. Select varieties such as Dafudou and Luchadou that are sensitive to short-day conditions, and use idle land or the empty rows of other crops to open 8 cm-wide sowing furrows for dibbling, separating the seeds one by one, sowing 30-35 seeds per meter, and transplanting at a seedling age of 56-60 days. At transplanting, soybean seedlings are required to be more than 0.5 m tall, with thick stems, no lodging, and 8-10 true leaves. The soybean transplanting period should be as early as possible, striving for early seedlings and early transplanting, using the natural conditions of corn shading and moisturizing the transplanted soybean seedlings and stabilizing the seedlings to promote early vigorous growth. Generally in early August, 10 days before corn harvest, transplant on the stubble in each corn row two rows of soybean, with a row spacing of 0.5 m, a plant spacing of 0.2 m, and two seedlings per hill. Before soybean transplanting, apply sufficient basal fertilizer, with 25 kg of superphosphate, 15 kg of urea, or 25-30 kg of 45% compound fertilizer per mu. If autumn drought occurs in the early stage, spray with a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution once every 2-3 days, for two consecutive sprays. In the later stage, pay attention to controlling pests such as leaf roller and red spider mite.