Nine methods of seed treatment before spring sowing of wheat
As the climate warms, wheat successively enters the stages of greening, standing up, and jointing. This stage is an important period for wheat to promote weak seedlings to become strong and to control vigorous growth for steady development, and it is also a key stage for the prevention and control of wheat pests and diseases. In response to the characteristics and existing problems of wheat pest, disease, and weed damage this year, a reporter recently interviewed Northwest...
I. Disease prevention and control1. Variable-temperature seed soaking First pre-soak the wheat seeds in cold water for 4----6 hours, remove them and soak them in warm water at 52---55 degrees for 1-2 minutes so that the seed temperature reaches 50 degrees. Then remove them and place them in warm water at 56 degrees, keep the water temperature at 55 degrees, soak for 5 minutes, take them out, cool them with cold water, dry them, and sow. This is very effective in preventing wheat loose smut, but the temperature and time must be strictly controlled.
2. Constant-temperature seed soaking Place the wheat seeds in hot water at 50--55 degrees, stir immediately so that the water temperature quickly drops to 45 degrees, soak at this temperature for 3 hours, take them out, cool them, dry them, and sow. This can effectively prevent and control wheat loose smut, scab, leaf blight, and so on.
3. Limewater seed soaking First dissolve 0.5 kg of high-quality quicklime in 50 kg of water, remove the residue, then put in the selected wheat seeds so that the water surface is 10---15 cm above the seeds, and keep it still; the water surface must not be stirred. The soaking time depends on the air temperature: soak for 3---5 days when the temperature is 20 degrees, 2---3 days at 25 degrees, and only 1 day at 30 degrees. The soaked wheat seeds do not need to be rinsed with clean water; spread them out to dry and then sow. It has good effects on preventing wheat loose smut, scab, leaf blight, flag smut, and so on.
4. Carboxin seed dressing Use 75% carboxin wettable powder as the active ingredient and dress the seeds at 0.3% of the seed amount. This can effectively prevent and control wheat loose smut and can also control wheat loose smut and flag smut on wheat seeds and in the soil.
5. Triadimefon seed dressing Triadimefon is a new type of highly effective systemic fungicide with special effects against many wheat pests and diseases. According to experiments, dressing seeds with 20% triadimefon emulsifiable concentrate at 0.08 ---- 0.1% of the seed amount can prevent and control wheat loose smut, stinking smut, and flag smut; dressing at 0.2% of the seed amount can prevent and control wheat rust, powdery mildew, and sheath blight; dressing at 0.3% of the seed amount can prevent and control wheat take-all and root rot, and so on.
II. Prevention and control of underground pests
Seed dressing with methyl isofenphos or phoxim Use 50 mL of 40% methyl isofenphos emulsifiable concentrate or 100 mL of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, add 2-3 kg of water, and dress 50 kg of wheat seeds. After mixing evenly, pile and cover for 2-3 hours. It has special effects against mole crickets, white grubs, wireworms, and other pests.
III. Simultaneous control of pests and diseases
1. Seed dressing with methyl isofenphos plus triadimefon In areas where underground pests and wheat take-all, root rot, sheath blight, smut, and other diseases occur together, use 50 mL of 40% methyl isofenphos emulsifiable concentrate (or 100 mL of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate), add 50 mL of 20% triadimefon emulsifiable concentrate, add 2-3 kg of water, and dress 50 kg of wheat seeds. After mixing evenly, pile and cover for 2-3 hours before sowing.
2. Seed dressing with "3911" plus triadimefon Use 150 mL of 75% 3911 emulsifiable concentrate, add 20 mL of 20% triadimefon emulsifiable concentrate, add 2-3 kg of water, and dress 50 kg of wheat seeds. It can simultaneously control wheat powdery mildew, root rot, underground pests, field mice, and so on.
3. Seed dressing with seed coating agent Seed coating agent is a new type of pesticide-fertilizer composite preparation developed by Beijing Agricultural University specifically for coating crop seeds. It is different from ordinary seed dressings. When the coated seeds are used, it can quickly solidify into a film. After the seeds are sown into the soil, they absorb water and swell, and the pesticide and fertilizer are slowly released, which can prevent and control many pests and diseases and promote strong seedling growth. When dressing seeds, use 75-100 g of the seed coating agent stock solution per mu, pour it directly onto carefully selected wheat seeds, and stir evenly. According to experiments, after treatment with the seed coating agent, wheat yield can be increased by 5.1-31.2%.